[Detection of activating mutations in RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and JAK/STAT signaling pathways].

Issue: The study of activating mutations (NRAS,KRAS,FLT3,JAK2,CRLF2genes) of RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and JAK/STAT signaling pathways in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) in adult patients which are included in Russian multicenter clinical trials.

Materials And Methods: Within the multicenter study there were 119 adult patients included withde novoB-ALL. The study was considered as prospective and retrospective.

[The laboratory diagnostic of herpes viral infections under nosocomial pneumonia in oncologic hematologic patients].

The study was organized to discover diagnostically valuable clinical material for detection of etiologic agent of pneumonia in oncological hematological patients, rate of association of nosocomial pneumonia with herpes viruses and evaluation of viral load in patients with depressed immunity. In oncological hematological patients, half of nosocomial pneumonia cases is associated with herpes virus. In every third patient DNA of Epstein-Barr virus and DNA of type I and II are detected.

[Therapy with high-doses of antithrombin III in patients with septic shock and agranulocytosis].

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess efficacy of high-doses ofantithrombin 111 (AT) for treatment of septic shock in patients with an agranulocytosis.

Design: Prospective, controlled study.

Patients: 29 patients from 18 to 74 years old, with blood diseases complicated with septic shock Dates of study: from 2006 to 2012.

[Myeloid sarcoma of the small bowel with inversion of chromosome 16: a description of 3 clinical cases].

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare malignant solid tumor presented with myeloid blast cells showing varying degrees of maturation. MS may have an extramedullary site, precede, or develop simultaneously with the clinical manifestations of acute myeloid leukemia (AML); it may also occur as an AML relapse. Besides AML, MS may be a manifestation of chronic myeloid leukemia or other chronic myeloproliferative diseases.

[Treating patients with acute myeloid leukemias (AML) according to the protocol of the AML-01.10 Russian multicenter randomized trial: the coordinating center's results].

Aim: To make a randomized comparison of 2 consolidation treatment options (two patient groups): 2 cycles of cytarabine in average (Ig/m2 in Group 2) and standard (100 mg/mi2 in Group 1) doses in combination with idarubicin (8-12 mg/m2) and mitoxantrone (10 mg/m2), after two 7+3 induction cycles of daunorubicin (60 mg/mi2) and subsequent 6 cycles of maintenance therapy.

Subjects And Methods: In January 2010 to October 2013, a Russian multicenter trial was conducted to treat patients with acute myeloid leukemias (AML) in accordance with the AML-01.10 protocol (ClinicalTrials.

[Russian experts' clinical guidelines for acute myeloid leukemia treatment in patients less than 60 years of age].

The purpose of the paper is to present Russian experts' consolidated opinion about acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment in adult patients aged less than 60 years. The guidelines have been elaborated having regard to foreign publications and Russian experience, on the basis of global and Russian clinical trials to treat AML and to define indications for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in patients during first complete remission.

[Treatment for acute promyelocytic leukemia during pregnancy].

Aim: To study the experience in managing patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) diagnosed in different periods of pregnancy.

Subjects And Methods: Nine women with APL were treated in 1998-2013. When APL was diagnosed in the first trimester of pregnancy, the latter was terminated (n = 1); when its diagnosis was made in the second trimester, chemotherapy (CT) followed by delivery (D) was performed (n = 3); when it was done in the third trimester, D followed by CT was done in relation to gestational age (n = 2) or these were performed at a later gestational age (n = 1).

[The course of parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy after kidney transplantation].

Having a tropism for erythroid progenitor cells, parvovirus B19 may cause partial red cell aplasia and thrombocytopenia. Early diagnosis of parvovirus B19 infection in immunocompromised patients is needed for timely antiviral therapy. A high-risk group for parvovirus B19 infection includes patients with blood diseases who receive multiple transfusions of blood components; those who have undergone donor organ transplantation and are long taking immunosuppressive drugs; and pregnant women.

[Efficiency of treatment of adult patients with acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia according to the ALL-2009 protocol of the Russian Acute Leukemia Study Group].

Aim: To present the results of treatment in adult patients with acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) according to the ALL-2009 protocol of the Russian Acute Leukemia Study Group, the basic principle of which is continuation of cytostatic treatment, early switch from prednisolone to dexamethasone, and long-term use of L-asparaginase.

Subjects And Methods: The results of diagnosis and treatment were analyzed in 70 patients with different immunological variants of T-ALL treated in the Russian multicenter trial.

Results: Out of the 70 patients with T-ALL, its early immunotype was determined in 32 (45.

[Treatment of adult patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia according to the AIDA protocol].

Aim: To give the results of an investigation conducted at the Hematology Research Center (HRC), Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (MHRF), to treat adult patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) according to the AIDA protocol elaborated by Spanish investigators.

Subjects And Methods: The investigation enrolled 33 patients diagnosed with APL verified by cytogenetic and molecular studies, who had been treated at the HRC, MHRF, in July 2009 to January 2012. The patients classified in the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups were 30, 46.

[The first results of treatment for adult acute myeloid leukemia according to the AML-01.10 protocol of the Research Group of the Hematology Centers of Russia].

Aim: To give the preliminary results of the AML-01.10 Russian multicenter randomized trial to treat adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the basic principle of which is to use high-dose anthracycline antibiotics in induction/consolidation.

Subjects And Methods: By December 2011, 145 patients with AML had been randomized from 18 hematology centers of 15 cities and towns of the Russian Federation; the median age of all the patients was 44 years.

[First results of Ph-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapy of adults according to the protocol of Research Group of Russian Hematological Centers ALL-2009].

Aim: To review results of 2-year experience in execution of the protocol on the treatment of adult acute Ph-negative lymphoblastic leukemia ALL-2009.

Material And Methods: Of 111 patients registered in the study from November 2008 to December 2010 the analysis covered 96 patients from 23 hematological centers in 18 towns of the RF.

Results: Treatment according to the Protocol ALL-2009 resulted in achievement of a complete remission in 91.

[Prolonged bone marrow aplasia in patients with acute leukemia after chemotherapy].

Aim: To analyze the causes of prolonged hematopoietic tissue aplasias in patients with acute leukemias (AL) after chemotherapy courses.

Materials And Methods: Data on 7 patients with acute myeloid leukemia, followed up at the Hematology Departments, Hematology Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, over the period 2003 to 2007, who had developed deep bone marrow aplasia (BMA) inadequate to cytostatic drug exposure during chemotherapy, were analyzed. The authors compared in all the patients the values of peripheral blood and bone marrow (BM) puncture specimens and the results of blood tests using the polymerase chain reaction at different AL development stages with the results of an immunohistochemical study using the markers of viruses of hepatitis C and B, a herpes group (EBV, CMV, HSV-1, HSV-2) and parvovirus B19.

[Laboratory diagnosis of herpesvirus infections in patients with acute leukemias].

The paper presents the results of monitoring the markers of herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human herpesvirus type 6 in the blood and bone marrow of patients with acute leukemias during induction multidrug therapy. Whether it is expedient to diagnose herpesvirus markers in patients with acute leukemias in the period of remission induction is discussed.

[Cytomegaloviral infection in patients with hemoblastoses].

Aim: To estimate the incidence of cytomegaloviral (CMV) infection and CMV disease in patients with acute leukemia at different stages of chemotherapy and in patients after transplantation of hemopoietic cells.

Material And Methods: The trial was carried out in 33 patients with acute leukemia at different stages of chemotherapy, 20 patients subjected to transplantation of autologic hemopoietic cells and 21 patients who had received transplantation of allogenic hemopoietic cells. To study the dynamics of the CMV infection markers, enzyme immunoassay of the titer of the specific immunoglobulins M and G was made, detection of the viral antigen in immunofluorescence reaction and cultivation with fibroblast cell culture and determination of the cytomegalovirus DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

[Mathematical model of the digestion process regulation and its computer presentation].

The article presents a mathematic model, which describes regulation of the digestion process. The simulation was based on data on mutual influence of the factors participating in digestion regulation, which were acquired from analysis of over 1200 sources of experimental observations on digestion in dogs published in Russia and abroad, and on own experimental studies. The simulation includes 67 factors and about 400 interactions observed between them.

[Nonculturable forms of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in the soils of a natural focus of pseudotuberculosis].

Soil samples taken from the natural focus of pseudotuberculosis, characterized by the persistent presence of Y. pseudotuberculosis, were studied. Bacteria were detected by means of polymerase chain reaction with the use of 2 test systems; one of them was specific to the chromosomal invasiveness gene (inv) and the other, to gene yopA, localized on plasmid pCad.

[Listeria in plants: an experimental study of its colonization, numbers and variability].

The possibility for Listeria monocytogenes to penetrate into plants from the soil via the root system was experimentally proved. Listeria were shown to continuously persist for 30 days (the term of observation) in the vegetative organs of wheat (roots, stems and leaves). The concentration of Listeria was 10(9) CFU/g in the environment (soil extract) and the roots of wheat, 10(6)-10(7) CFU/g in stems, 10(8)-10(9) CFU/g in leaves.

[Relation between neurogenesis and electrical responses of olfactory receptors].

Structural and functional changes in olfactory epithelium of laboratory mice were studied following the treatment of nasal cavity with zinc sulphate. Different concentrations of zinc sulphate caused olfactory epithelium cells destruction, moreover the degree of this destruction depended on concentration. Direct dependence between morphological regeneration and the EOG amplitude increase was observed after the treatment with 1% zinc sulphate.

[Endocrine control of olfactory reception].

There was studied the endocrine control of the first stage of olfactory reception. In the experiments with male castration it was detected that the olfactory receptor cells had a slow tonic influence on sex steroid hormones. The most dependent on the hormone control were the olfactory cells sensitive to natural stimuli.

[The adaptational-compensatory reactions of the digestive system during the development of pancreatic atrophy].

Adaptive-compensatory processes have been revealed in the digestive system in pancreatic atrophy. These processes promote: a) the compensation of the pancreatic enzymatic insufficiency and of the cavitary digestion decrease by the alpha-amylase adsorbed at the small intestinal epithelium, b) the increasing of the intestinal pH, c) the keeping up of the postprandial levels of gastrointestinal hormones.

[Pancreatic juice peptides as possible regulators of reparative processes in the pancreas in acute and chronic pancreatitis].

The experiments were performed on 34 dogs. The subcutaneous injection of boiled pancreatic juice was established to increase the survival of dogs in acute destructive pancreatitis (p < 0.001) and to decrease the specific volume damage to acinar (p < 0.