[Sleep disorders during pregnancy].

Pregnancy is associated with a number of physiological changes in a woman's body, which in turn affect the quality and duration of sleep. According to research, insomnia and other sleep disorders are associated with a high risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, as well as postpartum complications. Understanding the mechanisms of sleep disorders during pregnancy is necessary to form an integrated approach in the management of this group of patients.

Intracranial dynamics biomarkers at traumatic cerebral vasospasm.

Introduction: Patients who suffer severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) and cerebral vasospasm (CVS) frequently have posttraumatic cerebral ischemia (PCI).

The Research Question: was to study changes in cerebral microcirculatory bed parameters in sTBI patients with CVS and with or without PCI.

Material And Methods: A total of 136 severe TBI patients were recruited in the study.

Peptides Regulating Proliferative Activity and Inflammatory Pathways in the Monocyte/Macrophage THP-1 Cell Line.

This study evaluates the effects of five different peptides, the Epitalon tetrapeptide, the Vilon dipeptide, the Thymogen dipeptide, the Thymalin peptide complex, and the Chonluten tripeptide, as regulators of inflammatory and proliferative processes in the human monocytic THP-1, which is a human leukemia monocytic cell line capable of differentiating into macrophages by PMA in vitro. These peptides (Khavinson Peptides), characterized by Prof. Khavinson from 1973 onwards, were initially isolated from animal tissues and found to be organ specific.

Infantile systemic hyalinosis: Variable grades of severity.

Background: Infantile systemic hyalinosis (ISH) is an autosomal recessively inherited disorder. The classical natural history of the disease is characterised by hypotonia, multiple contractures, skin lesions, osteopenia, joint pain, bone fractures, persistent diarrhoea and growth deficiency.

Materials And Methods: Two children manifested the severe type of ISH underwent genotypic confirmation.

Assessment of Cerebral Autoregulation in the Perifocal Zone of a Chronic Subdural Hematoma.

Introduction: The knowledge of conservative treatment modalities for a chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is still based on low-grade evidence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the condition of the microcirculation and autoregulation in the perifocal CSDH zone for understanding of the mechanism of CSDH development.

Methods: Cerebral microcirculation was evaluated in patients with the aid of brain perfusion computed tomography (PCT) within the first day.

Results and Prospects of Using Activator of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation in Complex Therapy for Patients with COVID-19.

The paper presents the results of a standard and complex treatment method using the peptide drug thymus thymalin in patients with COVID-19. One of the mechanisms of the immunomodulatory effect of thymalin is considered to be the ability of this peptide drug to influence the differentiation of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). It was found that, as a result of standard treatment, patients in the control group showed a decrease in the concentration of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6, C-reactive protein, D-dimer.

EDR Peptide: Possible Mechanism of Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis Regulation Involved in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease.

The EDR peptide (Glu-Asp-Arg) has been previously established to possess neuroprotective properties. It activates gene expression and synthesis of proteins, involved in maintaining the neuronal functional activity, and reduces the intensity of their apoptosis in in vitro and in vivo studies. The EDR peptide interferes with the elimination of dendritic spines in neuronal cultures obtained from mice with Alzheimer's (AD) and Huntington's diseases.

[Oxidative stress and post-stroke depression].

Objective: To study the use of combination therapy for post-stroke depression using antidepressants and antioxidants.

Material And Methods: The dynamics of the clinical status of post-stroke depression and parameters of oxidative stress were evaluated in 60 patients with post-stroke depression before and after a 3-month treatment with fluvoxamine in a daily dose of 100 mg per day and cytoflavin in a dose of 10 ml/day (200 ml of 5% glucose solution or physiological saline in patients with diabetes mellitus) intravenously in the morning for 10 days followed by transfer to tablet form (2 tabs in the morning and 2 tabs in the evening for 90 days).

Results And Conclusion: The results on the comparative effectiveness of the treatment of post-stroke depression with fluvoxamine monotherapy and the combination of fluvoxamine and cytoflavin confirmed the great effectiveness of the combination therapy, which should be taken into account when developing new treatment regimens for post-stroke depression, and the need for prescribing antidepressants and antioxidant drugs should be determined based on an individual assessment of the severity of depressive disorder and parameters of oxidative stress: endogenous antioxidant activities in each individual patient with ischemic stroke.

AEDG Peptide (Epitalon) Stimulates Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis during Neurogenesis: Possible Epigenetic Mechanism.

It was shown that AEDG peptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly, Epitalon) regulates the function of the pineal gland, the retina, and the brain. AEDG peptide increases longevity in animals and decreases experimental cancerogenesis. AEDG peptide induces neuronal cell differentiation in retinal and human periodontal ligament stem cells.

Peptide Regulation of Cell Differentiation.

Short peptides are molecules with small molecular weight, capable of penetrating the cell membrane and nuclear membrane for epigenetic regulation of gene expression, including the genes responsible for cell differentiation. The direction of cell differentiation induction depends on the peptide structure and concentration. AEDG and AEDP peptides induce differentiation of pluripotent cells in the epidermis, mesenchyme and nervous tissue.

Short Peptides Protect Oral Stem Cells from Ageing.

Primary stem cells, after several cell divisions, enter into a senescence state, that is characterized by alterations to spindle-shape typical morphology. This concern is one of the main problems in the use of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in clinical applications which demand cells in large numbers. Short peptides had geroprotective properties and stimulated stem cell differentiation.

Molecular-Physiological Aspects of Regulatory Effect of Peptide Retinoprotectors.

Retinal diseases were always difficult problem for clinical ophthalmology. Modern methods of their treatment only decrease risk of complications, however in Russia was created better technology for this purpose: peptide bioregulators, which were made by sequential adding of amino acids one to another, binding with the promoter region of genes, and promoting retinoprotective effect by regulation of their expression, improving the state of the retina.

Effect of short peptides on neuronal differentiation of stem cells.

It has been demonstrated that short peptides play an important role in the transmission of biological information, modulation of transcription, and restoring genetically conditioned alterations occurring with age. Peptidergic regulation of homeostasis occupies an important place in physiological processes, which lead to the aging of cells, tissues, and organs, consisting in the involution of major regulatory systems-the nervous, the endocrine, and the immune. The effect of AED (Ala-Glu-Asp), KED (Lys-Glu-Asp), KE (Lys-Glu), AEDG (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) peptides and their compound on neuronal differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) was studied by immunofluorescence and western blot analysis.

[Modern approaches to the retinitis pigmentosa treatment in the older age patients (literature review).].

Retinitis pigmentosa is a hereditary degenerative retina disease, often severe and affecting the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor layer. For the older age group, the disease is increased by the addition of age-related degenerative processes in the retina. Due to the diversity of development factors and forms of retinitis pigmentosa, there is no uniform concept for treating a disease.

[Aging of skin fibroblasts: genetic and epigenetic factors.].

Gerontocosmetology is the rapid developing knowledge area that has a very large applied meaning. Herewith a lot of information about skin aging and geroprotectors for skin rejuvenation hasn't a scientific background. Thus, understanding the fundamental mechanisms of skin aging becomes the actual task of molecular gerontology.

The Cerebrovascular Resistance in Combined Traumatic Brain Injury with Intracranial Hematomas.

Objective: The aim was to evaluate changes in cerebrovascular resistance (CVR) in combined traumatic brain injury (CTBI) in groups with and without intracranial hematomas (IH).

Materials And Methods: Treatment outcomes in 70 patients with CTBI (42 males and 28 females) were studied. Mean age was 35.

[Density of the endotheliocytic layer of the cornea of the eyeball as a function of age].

This article presents the results of measuring the number of corneal endotheliocytes in a unit area of descemet membrane surface in 546 volunteers of different ages. The average values of the density of the corneal posterior epithelium for the age intervals 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, 80 years and older are shown, a constant decrease in the number of endotheliocyte cells as the number of years lived increases.

[Pineamin increased pineal melatonin synthesis in elderly people].

It was investigated the influence of polypeptide complex Pineamin on the 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6S) excretion in urine by ELISA test of 55 elderly patients with diminished melatoninsynthesis pineal gland function. Pineamin in course dose 100 mg has increased night level of aMT6S urine excretion in 1,9 times in comparison with relevant value untreated. Similar effect was obtained early for medical drug Epithalamin.

Treatment of the Lower Extremity Contracture/Deformities.

Lower extremity deformities of patients with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita present a wide spectrum of severity and deformity combinations. Treatment goals range from merely ensuring comfortable seating and shoe wear, to fully independent and active ambulation, but the overarching intention is to help realize the patient's greatest potential for independence and function. Treatment of hip and knee contractures and dislocations has become more interventional, whereas treatment of foot deformities has paradoxically become much less surgical.

Treatment of the Upper Extremity Contracture/Deformities.

Patients with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita have a characteristic upper extremity resting posture consisting of internal rotation of the shoulders, elbow extension, flexed wrists, thumb-in palm deformities, and variable degrees of finger contractures. Treatment of these patients is aimed at improving independence and performance of activities of daily living. Although each area needs to be assessed independently for the most appropriate surgical procedure, often multiple areas can be addressed at the same operative setting.

Implementation of a New UPMC Gamma Knife Radiosurgery Quality Assurance Registry.

Object: In this report, we discuss the development of a new, comprehensive, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant electronic quality assurance (QA) registry for Gamma Knife (GK) radiosurgery patients. This registry can be used to query outcomes, link with current hospital electronic medical records, and share data with future corporate or national professional society registries under development.

Methods: A clinical task force comprising physicians and regulatory, legal, and information technology (IT) experts was created to define the nomenclature, regulatory requirements, hosting site, and required capabilities of the proposed system.

Comparison of Two Algorithms for Analysis of Perfusion Computed Tomography Data for Evaluation of Cerebral Microcirculation in Chronic Subdural Hematoma.

The aim of this work was comparison of two algorithms of perfusion computed tomography (PCT) data analysis for evaluation of cerebral microcirculation in the perifocal zone of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). Twenty patients with CSDH after polytrauma were included in the study. The same PCT data were assessed quantitatively in cortical brain region beneath the CSDH (zone 1), and in the corresponding contralateral brain hemisphere (zone 2) without and with the use of perfusion calculation mode excluding vascular pixel 'Remote Vessels' (RV); 1st and 2nd analysis method, respectively.

[Investigation of Free Radical Processes in Substrates and Biological Samples by Means of induced Chemiluminescence].

The possibility of applying induced chemiluminescence was investigated to evaluate oxidative capability of the substrate under the action of hydroxyl radicals and estimate the intensity of free radical processes in biological samples based on the analysis of the organic hydroperoxyde response in a probe. For this purpose the chemiluminescence light sum was measured in 3 steps: when Fe2+ was introduced into in a sample; in course of Fenton reaction (introducing Fe2+ and H202) and when Fe2+ was introduced into the sample after Fenton reaction. Light sum was measured depending on concentration (dilution) of the sample.