Fast detection of renal ischemia in transplanted kidneys with delayed graft function-an experimental study.

Background: The newly transplanted kidney is difficult to monitor with regard to postoperative vascular thrombosis, especially when there is delayed graft function. We evaluated microdialysis as a tool for early ischemia detection in porcine kidneys with delayed graft function early after transplantation.

Methods: Sixteen pigs were transplanted with 26-hr cold ischemia kidneys.

Epidermal growth factor and monocyte chemotactic peptide-1: potential biomarkers of urinary tract obstruction in children with hydronephrosis.

Objective: Hydronephrosis is diagnosed in 0.5% of all newborns, and ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is a common cause. The aim of this study was to test whether specific urinary cytokines can be used as UPJO biomarkers in children with hydronephrosis.

Association between organic dietary choice during pregnancy and hypospadias in offspring: a study of mothers of 306 boys operated on for hypospadias.

Purpose: The etiology of hypospadias is poorly understood. Exposure to pesticides has been considered a risk factor, although findings are inconsistent. Diet constitutes a significant exposure route for pesticides, and pesticide residues are more frequently reported in conventional than organic food products.

Urinary proteome analysis in congenital bilateral hydronephrosis.

Objective: A proteomics strategy was applied to map protein changes in urine after relief of congenital bilateral hydronephrosis to identify proteins correlated with the pathophysiological processes in congenital obstructive nephropathy as potential urinary biomarkers.

Material And Methods: Urine samples from 10 infants with bilateral abnormal drainage from the kidneys were collected at the time of relief from obstruction, and after 2 and 4 weeks. Proteomics techniques were used on samples from three patients for identification of protein changes between the three time-points, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used on samples from all 10 patients for validation of five selected proteins.

Improved GFR and renal plasma perfusion following remote ischaemic conditioning in a porcine kidney transplantation model.

Delayed graft function (DGF) complicates approximately 25% of kidney allografts donated after brain death (DBD). Remote ischaemic conditioning (rIC) involves brief, repetitive, ischaemia in a distant tissue in connection with ischaemia/reperfusion in the target organ. rIC has been shown to induce systemic protection against ischaemic injuries.

Urinary NGAL, cystatin C, β2-microglobulin, and osteopontin significance in hydronephrotic children.

Background: Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) accounts for 35 % of all congenital hydronephrosis cases. The challenge in managing childhood hydronephrosis is to distinguish obstructive from nonobstructive cases and, thereby, identify patients requiring surgical intervention. This study aimed to examine four urinary proteins as potential biomarkers of obstruction in hydronephrosis.

Identification of risk factors for vascular thrombosis may reduce early renal graft loss: a review of recent literature.

Renal graft survival has improved over the past years, mainly owing to better immunosuppression. Vascular thrombosis, though rare, therefore accounts for up to one third of early graft loss. We assess current literature on transplantation, identify thrombosis risk factors, and discuss means of avoiding thrombotic events and saving thrombosed grafts.

Early outcome in renal transplantation from large donors to small and size-matched recipients - a porcine experimental model.

Kidney transplantation from a large donor to a small recipient, as in pediatric transplantation, is associated with an increased risk of thrombosis and DGF. We established a porcine model for renal transplantation from an adult donor to a small or size-matched recipient with a high risk of DGF and studied GFR, RPP using MRI, and markers of kidney injury within 10 h after transplantation. After induction of BD, kidneys were removed from ∼63-kg donors and kept in cold storage for ∼22 h until transplanted into small (∼15 kg, n = 8) or size-matched (n = 8) recipients.

International Children's Continence Society's recommendations for initial diagnostic evaluation and follow-up in congenital neuropathic bladder and bowel dysfunction in children.

Purpose: The objective of this ICCS standardization document is to report the initial diagnostic evaluation and subsequent work-up of children with neuropathic bladder dysfunction.

Materials And Methods: Due to a paucity of level I or level II, "levels of evidence" publications, these recommendations are actually a compilation of best practices because they seem to be effective and reliable, although not with any control.

Results: Throughout the document, the emphasis is on promoting early, comprehensive evaluation of lower urinary tract function that is thorough but with a minimum of unnecessary testing.

Urine and kidney cytokine profiles in experimental unilateral acute and chronic hydronephrosis.

Objective: In search of potential urinary biomarkers of obstructive nephropathy, this study examined whether a potential change in the concentration of urinary cytokines [interferon-γ(IFN-γ), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] reliably reflects changes in renal parenchymal levels of the same cytokines following the release of acute and chronic unilateral ureteral obstruction, respectively.

Material And Methods: Acute obstruction was performed in 12 adult rats. After 48 h, six rats were used for selective urine collection and six rats had their kidneys removed and dissected into inner medulla and cortex.

Regulation of aquaporins and sodium transporter proteins in the solitary kidney in response to partial ureteral obstruction in neonatal rats.

Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) impairs function of the obstructed kidney, and the contralateral nonobstructed kidney compensates depending on the degree and duration of UUO. This study aimed to determine the hemodynamic and molecular changes in the solitary kidney in response to partial ureteral obstruction (PUO) where any compensation from the contralateral kidney was eliminated so that all observed changes in the kidney tissue occurred in the kidney with PUO. Newborn rats were subjected to unilateral left nephrectomy (UNX) within the first 48 h of life and a subset of UNX rats was subjected to severe PUO of the right kidney at day 14.

Urinary biomarkers in prenatally diagnosed unilateral hydronephrosis.

The introduction of prenatal ultrasonography as a screening method entails an increasing number of infants diagnosed with prenatal hydronephrosis. Ureteropelvic junction obstruction accounts for 35% of prenatal hydronephrotic cases. Urinary tract obstruction that occurs during early kidney development affects renal morphogenesis, maturation and growth, and in the most severe cases this will ultimately cause renal insufficiency.

A biomechanical, histological and biochemical study in an experimental rabbit hypospadias repair model using scanning acoustic microscopy.

Objective: To investigate the biomechanical, histological and biochemical properties of rabbit urethra at long-term follow up after hypospadias simulation and acute repair.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-eight white New Zealand male rabbits underwent experimental creation of a hypospadias-like defect and acute repair (mobilization and advancement, tubularized incised posterior urethral plate (TIP), modified TIP) and sham operation. After 23 weeks all groups + controls underwent biomechanical, histological and biochemical assessments.

In vivo biomechanical assessment of anterior rabbit urethra after repair of surgically created hypospadias.

Purpose: We studied the in vivo biomechanical properties of the anterior urethra in a rabbit hypospadias simulation model at long-term followup after urethroplasty.

Materials And Methods: A total of 38, 9-week-old white New Zealand male rabbits were randomized into active treatment and control groups. The active treatment group included hypospadias-like simulation and acute repair (sham, mobilization and advancement, tubularized incised posterior urethral plate).

Urinary flow patterns in infants with distal hypospadias.

Objective: To investigate preoperative urinary flow patterns in hypospadic infants and compare them to those from normal infant boys.

Patients And Methods: Twenty-one boys (median age 14.0, range 12.

Structural and functional MRI in children with renal disease: first experience.

Purpose: This MRI study demonstrates our first clinical experiences with structural and functional evaluation in children with renal dysfunction, and communicates our experience with quantitative measurements of renal function compared to reference values found employing radionucleotides.

Material And Methods: We included renal impaired children who were recruited for clinical radioisotopic GFR measurements (n=8). MRI was performed 2 hours after Cr-EDTA measurements and was conducted using a protocol involving both anatomical/structural sequences and a dynamic contrast-enhanced sequence.

Urinary flow patterns in premature males.

Purpose: We sought to assess urinary flow patterns in premature males using ultrasound flow probes.

Materials And Methods: Specifically customized ultrasound flow probes connected to a flowmeter were mounted on the penis of 29 premature males (median gestational age 31.3 weeks).

Long-term follow-up in spinal dysraphism: outcome of renal function and urinary and faecal continence.

Objective: This study evaluated the renal and functional outcome in a cohort of adolescents with congenital spinal malformations followed at this department since birth. All patients went through same follow-up and algorithm of intervention during childhood. None of the patients was treated prophylactically, apart from receiving antibiotics.

Urinary flow patterns in first year of life.

Purpose: We studied the natural development of urinary flow and lower urinary tract function in healthy male infants.

Materials And Methods: Custom-made ultrasound flow probes connected to a flowmeter were mounted on the penis in 20 infants who previously had been assessed in the immediate postnatal period. Median subject age was 10.

Microdialysis for detection of renal ischemia after experimental renal transplantation.

Purpose: We designed an experimental renal transplantation model and evaluated microdialysis as a detector of induced postoperative ischemia, a feared complication that when caused by vascular thrombosis most often causes renal graft loss.

Materials And Methods: Two microdialysis catheters were placed in the left kidney in 16 pigs, including 1 superficially in the renal cortex and 1 fixed on the renal capsule. Two-hour baseline measurements were made at steady state, after which the kidney was removed and subjected to warm and cold ischemia.

Urinary flow patterns of healthy newborn males.

Purpose: We assessed urinary flow patterns in newborn males using ultrasound flow probes.

Materials And Methods: Specifically customized ultrasound flow probes connected to a flowmeter were mounted on the penis of 30 newborn males. Flow data together with signals from a silent diaper alarm were sampled to a personal computer, and the flow curves were assessed with regard to configuration, maximum flow rate and voided volume.

Natural fill urodynamics and conventional cystometrogram in infants with neurogenic bladder.

Purpose: We compared findings from natural fill urodynamics and conventional cystometrogram in infants with neurogenic bladder.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 19 infants undergoing 24-hour natural fill urodynamics and cystometrogram. The infants concurrently underwent ultrasound.