Development and Psychometric Validation of Population-Based Knowledge Attitudes and Practices-Questionnaire on Fluoride (PBKAP-QF).

Fluoride exposure is a global public health concern. Understanding the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of affected populations is essential for effective community management. This study aimed to develop and validate a KAP questionnaire to assess fluoride and its risk in general population.

Impact of fluorosis on molecular predictors in pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes associated microvascular complications.

Aim: This review presents specific insights on the molecular underpinnings of the connection between fluorosis, type 2 diabetes, and microvascular complications, along with the novel biomarkers that are available for early detection.

Summary: Fluoride is an essential trace element for the mineralization of teeth and bones in humans. Exposure to higher concentrations of fluoride has harmful effects that significantly outweigh its advantageous ones.