Endoscopy and Anesthesia Outcomes Associated with Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist use in Patients Undergoing Outpatient Upper Endoscopy.

Background And Aims: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RAs) can cause delayed gastric emptying, raising concern for retained gastric contents (RGCs) during endoscopy and adverse anesthesia events. We aimed to determine associations between GLP1RA and endoscopy and anesthesia outcomes.

Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort study examined patients prescribed GLP1RA who underwent outpatient endoscopy stratified by exposure at the time of endoscopy.

Validation of a Cancer-Focused Information Seeking Experience (ISEE) Scale.

Background: Searching for health information is critical for maintaining one's health and reducing risk of disease, including cancer. However, some people are more likely to experience challenges in finding and comprehending health information; therefore, it is important to measure health information-seeking behavior. In order to add to prior research conducted with the scale, this study provides the first formal evaluation of the validity and reliability of the four-item, cancer-focused Information Seeking Experience (ISEE) scale in a cross-sectional, nationally representative health survey of U.

Siah2 antagonism of Pard3/JamC modulates Ntn1-Dcc signaling to regulate cerebellar granule neuron germinal zone exit.

Exiting a germinal zone (GZ) initiates a cascade of events that promote neuronal maturation and circuit assembly. Developing neurons and their progenitors must interpret various niche signals-such as morphogens, guidance molecules, extracellular matrix components, and adhesive cues-to navigate this region. How differentiating neurons in mouse brains integrate and adapt to multiple cell-extrinsic niche cues with their cell-intrinsic machinery in exiting a GZ is unknown.

Health literacy and tobacco cessation among hypertensive individuals: A mixed method study.

Background: Hypertension and tobacco addiction are two major public health challenges in India that frequently coexist. About 30% of Indian adults have hypertension, while over one-fourth use some form of tobacco. So, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence and patterns of tobacco consumption and identify associated socio-demographic factors among hypertensive patients in urban India and also further explored patient perspectives regarding tobacco use through qualitative interviews.

Comparing skills-based and lecture-based education on female adolescents' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding menstrual health in puberty: A quasi-experimental study.

Background: Improving the health knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of female adolescents during puberty is essential for their well-being, empowerment, and prospects. To compare the effects of skills-based versus lecture-based education on KAP regarding menstrual health among adolescent girls in Gujarat, India.

Materials And Methods: A quasi-experimental study with 100 girls aged 12-16 years assigned to skills-based (n = 50) or lecture-based (n = 50) 8-week puberty education programs.

Trends in enforcement of National Comprehensive Cancer Network financial conflict of interest policy.

Background: The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) financial conflict of interest (FCOI) policy sets dollar maximums for panelists, but violations may occur.

Methods: We studied NCCN Guidelines panelists for the 20 most prevalent cancers, 2013-2022. We included panelists with at least 1 full calendar year of service ("current panelists") and those who began service during the study period ("new panelists"); NCCN FCOI policy limits ($20 000 from any single company or $50 000 across all companies) apply to both groups.

Regulation of Insect Hormones in Different Types of Diapause in Chilo Partellus (Swinhoe).

Maize stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) is a key pest of maize and sorghum. It undergoes both in estivation and hibernation depending on prevailing environmental conditions. Present investigations were aimed to decipher the regulation of ecdysone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and juvenile hormone III (JH III) during different stages (prediapause, diapause and post-diapause/pupae) of hibernation and estivation as compared to counterpart nondiapause C.

Nutritional Supplementation in Tuberculosis Treatment: A Mixed Methods Study of Clinical Outcomes and Patient Perceptions in Jamnagar, India.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, with malnutrition being a key risk factor for poor outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of nutritional supplementation on treatment outcomes in drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis (DS-PTB) patients and explore patient perspectives on nutrition during TB treatment.

Methods: We conducted a mixed methods study in the Jamnagar district of Gujarat, India.

Antagonistic action of Siah2 and Pard3/JamC to promote germinal zone exit of differentiated cerebellar granule neurons by modulating Ntn1 signaling via Dcc.

Exiting a germinal zone (GZ) initiates a cascade of events that promote neuronal maturation and circuit assembly. Developing neurons and their progenitors must interpret various niche signals-such as morphogens, guidance molecules, extracellular matrix components, and adhesive cues-to navigate this region. How differentiating neurons integrate and adapt to multiple cell-extrinsic niche cues with their cell-intrinsic machinery in exiting a GZ is unknown.

Use of Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT 2) inhibitor is associated with reduced emergency room visits and hospitalizations in patients with Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: The Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a class of anti-diabetic medications that confer cardio-renal-metabolic (CRM) benefits. Emerging evidence also suggests that these agents provide better benefits for chronic pulmonary conditions, especially chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Research Question: We aimed to assess the association between SGLT2i use and outcomes in patients with COPD and concomitant Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).

Prevalence of normal weight obesity and its cardiometabolic implications among government doctors in Gujarat, India: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Obesity is rising globally. Normal weight obesity (NWO) and normal weight central obesity (NWCO) despite normal BMI pose added metabolic risks. Limited data on these phenotypes among Indian doctors merits investigation.

Tissue Necrosis as a Rare Complication of Local Anaesthesia - A Case Series.

Rationale: Lignocaine, amongst all the local anaesthetic agents, is the most common agent used in dentistry and in the field of oral surgery. Local anaesthesia is very effective, safe and simple to use. Rare complications related to it are reported.

Prevalence and predictors of loneliness and its association with health-seeking behaviors among the elderly population, Gujarat, A community-based cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and predictors of loneliness and its associations with health behaviors among elderly adults in Gujarat, India.

Methodology: This community-based cross-sectional study included 250 participants aged ≥60 years. Loneliness was measured using the UCLA Loneliness Scale.

Multimorbidity, health Literacy, and quality of life among older adults in an urban slum in India: a community-based cross-sectional study.

Background: India is experiencing a rising burden of chronic disease multimorbidity due to an aging population and epidemiological transition. Older adults residing in urban slums are especially vulnerable due to challenges in managing multimorbidity amid deprived living conditions. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of multimorbidity, associated health literacy, and quality of life impact in this population.

Validation of a novel NGS based BCR::ABL1 kinase domain mutation detection assay in Indian cohort.

The efficacy and treatment outcome of a CML patient are heavily dependent on BCR::ABL1 kinase domain (KD) mutation status. Next-generation sequencing technology is a bright alternative to the previously used sanger sequencing method due to its global presence in diagnostic setups, massive parallel sequencing ability, and far better sensitivity. In the present study, we have demonstrated a new protocol for kinase domain mutation analysis using the next-generation sequencing (NGS) method using the ion torrent sequencing platform.

Two by Two Factorial Design using Metformin and Curcumin for Second Primary Head and Neck Cancer Prevention Trial.

Objective: The 2x2 factorial design is an effective method that allows for multiple comparisons, especially in the context of interactions between different interventions, without substantially increasing the required sample size. In view of the considerable preclinical evidence for Curcumin and Metformin in preventing the development and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), this study describes the protocol of the clinical trial towards applying the drug combination in prevention of second primary tumors.

Methods: We have applied the trial design to a large phase IIB/III double-blind, multi-centric, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial to determine the safety and efficacy of Metformin and Curcumin in the prevention of second primary tumours (SPT) of the aerodigestive tract following treatment of HNSCC (n=1,500) [Clinical Registry of India, CTRI/2018/03/012274].

Clinical Validation of a Cell-Free DNA Fragmentome Assay for Augmentation of Lung Cancer Early Detection.

Lung cancer screening via annual low-dose computed tomography has poor adoption. We conducted a prospective case-control study among 958 individuals eligible for lung cancer screening to develop a blood-based lung cancer detection test that when positive is followed by a low-dose computed tomography. Changes in genome-wide cell-free DNA fragmentation profiles (fragmentomes) in peripheral blood reflected genomic and chromatin characteristics of lung cancer.

Trends in financial payments from industry to US cancer centers, 2014-2021.

Background: Industry payments to US cancer centers are poorly understood.

Methods: US National Cancer Institute (NCI)-designated comprehensive cancer centers were identified (n = 51). Industry payments to NCI-designated comprehensive cancer centers from 2014 to 2021 were obtained from Open Payments and National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant funding from NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools (RePORT).

Two-Dimensional Cobalt(II) Benzoquinone Frameworks for Putative Kitaev Quantum Spin Liquid Candidates.

The realization and discovery of quantum spin liquid (QSL) candidate materials are crucial for exploring exotic quantum phenomena and applications associated with QSLs. Most existing metal-organic two-dimensional (2D) quantum spin liquid candidates have structures with spins arranged on the triangular or kagome lattices, whereas honeycomb-structured metal-organic compounds with QSL characteristics are rare. Here, we report the use of 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone (Xdhbq, X = Cl, Br, H) as the linkers to construct cobalt(II) honeycomb lattices (NEt)[Co(Xdhbq)] as promising Kitaev-type QSL candidate materials.

Harnessing polyelectrolyte complexes for precision cancer targeting: a comprehensive review.

Polyelectrolytes represent a unique class of polymers abundant in ionizable functional groups. In a solution, ionized polyelectrolytes can intricately bond with oppositely charged counterparts, giving rise to a fascinating phenomenon known as a polyelectrolyte complex. These complexes arise from the interaction between oppositely charged entities, such as polymers, drugs, and combinations thereof.

Prescription-based cost analysis of medicines for cardiovascular risk factors at Indian Council of Medical Research-Rational Use of Medicine Centre Hospitals of India.

Objectives: India has taken several initiatives to provide health care to its population while keeping the related expenditure minimum. Since cardiovascular diseases are the most prevalent chronic conditions, in the present study, we aimed to analyze the difference in prices of medicines prescribed for three cardiovascular risk factors, based on (a) listed and not listed in the National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) and (b) generic and branded drugs.

Materials And Methods: Outpatient prescriptions for diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were retrospectively analyzed from 12 tertiary centers.

De novo identification of CD4 T cell epitopes.

CD4 T cells recognize peptide antigens presented on class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC-II) molecules to carry out their function. The remarkable diversity of T cell receptor sequences and lack of antigen discovery approaches for MHC-II make profiling the specificities of CD4 T cells challenging. We have expanded our platform of signaling and antigen-presenting bifunctional receptors to encode MHC-II molecules presenting covalently linked peptides (SABR-IIs) for CD4 T cell antigen discovery.