Low bioaccessibility of vitamin D from yeast-fortified bread compared to crystalline D bread and D from fluid milks.

The assessment of the efficacy of dietary and supplemental vitamin D tends to be confounded by differences in the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D response between vitamin D and vitamin D. Serum response differences from these vitamers may be due to differences in bioavailability. To address this specifically, the bioaccessibility was assessed for vitamin D from breads fortified with UV-treated yeast, and a benchmark against staple vitamin D fortified foods including bovine milks and infant formula, as well as crystalline vitamin D fortified bread.

Longitudinal Survey of Carotenoids in Human Milk from Urban Cohorts in China, Mexico, and the USA.

Emerging evidence indicates that carotenoids may have particular roles in infant nutrition and development, yet data on the profile and bioavailability of carotenoids from human milk remain sparse. Milk was longitudinally collected at 2, 4, 13, and 26 weeks postpartum from twenty mothers each in China, Mexico, and the USA in the Global Exploration of Human Milk Study (n = 60 donors, n = 240 samples). Maternal and neonatal plasma was analyzed for carotenoids from the USA cohort at 4 weeks postpartum.

Caco-2 accumulation of lutein is greater from human milk than from infant formula despite similar bioaccessibility.

Scope: Clinical evidence suggests that the bioavailability of lutein is lower from infant formula than from human milk. The purpose of this study was to assess characteristics of human milk and lutein-fortified infant formula that may impact carotenoid delivery.

Methods And Results: Carotenoid bioaccessibility and intestinal absorption were modeled by in vitro digestion coupled with Caco-2 human intestinal cell culture.

Quantification of vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in soft tissues by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Inadequate data on tissue distribution of vitamin D and its metabolites remains a barrier to defining health outcomes of vitamin D intake and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status. The purpose of this study was to develop a method for the analysis of vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol), vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), 25(OH)D2, and 25(OH)D3 in soft tissues, and determine distribution in select tissues from a dose-response study of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 in rats. Liver, gastrocnemius muscle, and epididymal fat homogenates were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with electrospray ionization following liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction, and derivatization with 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione (PTAD).

Bioaccessibility of carotenoids from transgenic provitamin A biofortified sorghum.

Biofortified sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) lines are being developed to target vitamin A deficiency in Sub-Saharan Africa, but the delivery of provitamin A carotenoids from such diverse germplasms has not been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to screen vectors and independent transgenic events for the bioaccessibility of provitamin A carotenoids using an in vitro digestion model.