Microlaparoscopy versus conventional laparoscopy in transperitoneal pyeloplasty.

Background And Purpose: Laparoscopic pyeloplasty has emerged as the gold standard for repair of ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Microlaparoscopic (MLP, <3 mm) instrumentation has improved markedly and can now be used for suturing and complex dissection needed during laparoscopic pyeloplasty. We present our experience with microlaparoscopy compared with conventional laparoscopy for transperitoneal pyeloplasty.

Infectious outcomes of nephrostomy drainage before percutaneous nephrolithotomy compared to concurrent access.

Purpose: We hypothesized that establishing percutaneous nephrostomy drainage and treating with renal urine culture specific antibiotics would lead to a decreased sepsis rate in patients at increased risk for infection. We analyzed the experience of a single surgeon with sepsis after percutaneous nephrolithotomy following prior nephrostomy drainage compared to percutaneous nephrolithotomy with concurrent percutaneous renal collecting system access.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

Outcomes of incontinent ileovesicostomy in the pediatric patient.

Purpose: Ileovesicostomy is a reconstructive option in complex urological cases but pediatric specific outcomes are lacking. We report our results with pediatric ileovesicostomy.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients younger than 18 years undergoing incontinent ileovesicostomy at Vanderbilt University.

Prospective evaluation of sacral nerve modulation in children with validated questionnaires.

Purpose: Sacral neuromodulation for refractory urinary dysfunction in pediatrics shows promising results. We prospectively evaluated patients undergoing sacral neuromodulation using validated quality of life and bladder dysfunction questionnaires.

Materials And Methods: All patients were prospectively enrolled in the study.

Incidence of abnormal imaging and recurrent pyelonephritis after first febrile urinary tract infection in children 2 to 24 months old.

Purpose: The AAP (American Academy of Pediatrics) no longer recommends voiding cystourethrogram in children 2 to 24 months old who present with a first urinary tract infection if renal-bladder ultrasound is normal. We identified factors associated with abnormal imaging and recurrent pyelonephritis in this population.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated children diagnosed with a first episode of pyelonephritis at age 2 to 24 months using de-identified electronic medical record data from an institutional database.

Decreasing Nicotine Content Reduces Subjective and Physiological Effects of Smoking.

Objective: Assessment of the subjective and physiological effects of smoking cigarettes with different machine-smoked nicotine yields.

Methods: Eight volunteers rated the characteristics of cigarettes with varying levels of nicotine (Quest). At 30 minute intervals, participants smoked one of three different Quest brand cigarettes in a counterbalanced order (reported machine-smoked nicotine yield: 0.

Nicotine pretreatment increases dysphoric effects of alcohol in luteal-phase female volunteers.

The present report shows that nicotine enhances some of alcohol's positive and negative effects in women and that these effects are most pronounced during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Ten low progesterone and 10 high progesterone/luteal-phase women received nicotine patch pretreatments (placebo or 21 mg) 3 hours before an alcohol challenge (0.4 g/kg).

Antiandrogen pretreatment alters cocaine pharmacokinetics in men.

Among cocaine users, men experience more adverse brain and vascular effects than their female counterparts. This could be caused by testosterone, which may potentiate some of cocaine's effects. We examined whether antiandrogen (flutamide, FL) pretreatment alters cocaine's acute behavioral, physiologic, and pharmacokinetic effects in men with histories of occasional cocaine use.