Effects of β-Blockers on Maximal Heart Rate Prediction Equations in a Cardiac Population.

Purpose: To derive specific maximal heart rate (HRmax) prediction equations for a coronary artery disease (CAD) population based upon status of β-blocker (BB) therapy and to compare these to prior HRmax equations (Fox and Brawner-specific for CAD).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed stress echocardiogram treadmill tests in patients with CAD, dividing subjects into 3 groups based upon BB use on test day: not prescribed BB therapy (no BB group; n = 110); held for 12 to 24 hr prior (held BB group; n = 155); and continued taking (took BB group; n = 72).

Results: Derived HRmax equations for our CAD population were no BB = 200 - 0.

Barriers to Adoption of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists in Patients With Heart Failure: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Background: Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) are the most underutilized pharmacotherapy for heart failure. Minimal data are available on the barriers to MRA adoption from the perspective of prescribing clinicians.

Methods And Results: A mixed-methods study consisting of a survey (n=50), focus groups (n=39), interviews (n=6) with clinicians at a single US Department of Veterans Affairs medical center served to ascertain barriers to optimal use of MRAs.