Absolute quantification of priority bacteria in aquaculture using digital PCR.

Modern aquaculture systems are designed for intensive rearing of fish or other species. Both land-based and offshore systems typically contain high loads of biomass and the water quality in these systems is of paramount importance for fish health and production. Microorganisms play a crucial role in removal of organic matter and nitrogen-recycling, production of toxic hydrogen sulfide (HS), and can affect fish health directly if pathogenic for fish or exerting probiotic properties.

Evaluation of soluble fentanyl microneedles for loco-regional anti-nociceptive activity.

The use of opioids for treating acute and chronic pain condition is a common clinical practice. When delivered systemically, the analgesic activity is mediated through the central pathway, which although effective, leads to various adverse effects such as dependence, abuse and respiratory depression. Fentanyl is an opioid analgesic that is available as injection and transdermal patch products for the management of acute and chronic pain.