Staphylococcus argenteus transmission among healthy Royal Marines: A molecular epidemiology case-study.

Objectives During a prospective study of S. aureus carriage in Royal Marines recruits, six S. argenteus strains were identified in four recruits.

Estimated and measured core temperature responses to high-intensity warm weather military training: implications for exertional heat illness risk assessment.

Objective: Humans avoid overheating through physiological and behavioral mechanisms. However, elite athletes, industrial workers, and military personnel, driven by the tasks at hand, may choose to continue working and face an increased risk of exertional heat illness (EHI). We wanted to examine the efficacy of a new core temperature (Tcr) estimation algorithm in assessing EHI risk.

Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status in the pathogenesis of stress fractures in military personnel: An evidenced link to support injury risk management.

Stress fractures are common amongst healthy military recruits and athletes. Reduced vitamin D availability, measured by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) status, has been associated with stress fracture risk during the 32-week Royal Marines (RM) training programme. A gene-environment interaction study was undertaken to explore this relationship to inform specific injury risk mitigation strategies.

Impact of the occupational environment of a submerged submarine on cardiometabolic health of Royal Navy submariners.

Objective: To determine the effect of prolonged exposure to a submarine environment on biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk in Royal Navy (RN) submariners.

Methods: Serum lipids (cholesterol (C), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), non-HDL-C), glucose, insulin and anthropometrics were compared within three RN submarine crews before and after submerged patrols of 12 or 6 weeks, and with a crew that remained ashore (SUB-HOME). Dietary intake and activity patterns were self-reported during each patrol.

Prospective study of biomechanical risk factors for second and third metatarsal stress fractures in military recruits.

Objectives: This prospective study investigated anatomical and biomechanical risk factors for second and third metatarsal stress fractures in military recruits during training.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Methods: Anatomical and biomechanical measures were taken for 1065 Royal Marines recruits at the start of training when injury-free.

Development of a Prediction Model for Stress Fracture During an Intensive Physical Training Program: The Royal Marines Commandos.

Background: Stress fractures (SFs) are one of the more severe overuse injuries in military training, and therefore, knowledge of potential risk factors is needed to assist in developing mitigating strategies.

Purpose: To develop a prediction model for risk of SF in Royal Marines (RM) recruits during an arduous military training program.

Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Four biomechanical and anthropometric measures predict tibial stress fracture: a prospective study of 1065 Royal Marines.

Background: Tibial stress fractures (TSFs) cause a significant burden to Royal Marines recruits. No prospective running gait analyses have previously been performed in military settings.

Aim: We aimed to identify biomechanical gait factors and anthropometric variables associated with increased risk of TSF.

Fundamental differences in axial and appendicular bone density in stress fractured and uninjured Royal Marine recruits--a matched case-control study.

Stress fracture is a common overuse injury within military training, resulting in significant economic losses to the military worldwide. Studies to date have failed to fully identify the bone density and bone structural differences between stress fractured personnel and controls due to inadequate adjustment for key confounding factors; namely age, body size and physical fitness; and poor sample size. The aim of this study was to investigate bone differences between male Royal Marine recruits who suffered a stress fracture during the 32 weeks of training and uninjured control recruits, matched for age, body weight, height and aerobic fitness.

Incidence and Time to Return to Training for Stress Fractures during Military Basic Training.

Currently, little is known about the length of time required to rehabilitate patients from stress fractures and their return to preinjury level of physical activity. Previous studies have looked at the return to sport in athletes, in a general population, where rehabilitation is not as controlled as within a captive military population. In this study, a longitudinal prospective epidemiological database was assessed to determine the incidence of stress fractures and the time taken to rehabilitate recruits to preinjury stage of training.

Neuromuscular and cardiovascular responses of Royal Marine recruits to load carriage in the field.

Cardiovascular and neuromuscular responses of 12 male Royal Marine recruits (age 22 ± 3 years, body mass 80.7 ± 6.8 kg, VO(2)max 52.

Can a functional food exert a cholesterol lowering effect in renal transplant patients?

This study examined whether stanols can exert their cholesterol lowering effect in renal transplant recipients who develop hypercholesterolaemia. The rise in cholesterol is related to the use of cyclosporine. The study was a randomised parallel-group intervention study.