Hysteroscopic Evaluation of Endometrial Changes in Breast Cancer Women with or without Hormone Therapies: Results from a Large Multicenter Cohort Study.

Study Objective: The primary aim of our study was to investigate the incidence of endometrial pathologies, especially endometrial cancer, in women with breast cancer treated with tamoxifen (TAM), aromatase inhibitors (AIs), or receiving no treatment (NT). The secondary aim was to identify, in this cohort, ultrasonographic findings that represent robust indications for hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy, to avoid unnecessary second-level diagnostic procedures.

Design: Multicenter retrospective cohort study (Clinical Trial ID: NCT03898947).

Preterm birth: seven-year retrospective study in a single centre population.

Background: Preterm birth is a health and social problem, considered the leading cause of neonatal mortality worldwide. It is associated with higher rates of neurodevelopmental morbidity, sensorineural impairments and other complications. The aim of the study was to describe the incidence and the major risk factors associated with preterm birth.

Relatively high rate of postpartum thyroiditis in the Straits of Messina area. Predictivity of both postpartum thyroiditis and permanent hypothyroidism by performing, in the first trimester of gestation, thyroid ultrasonography and measurement of serum thyroperoxidase and thyroglobulin autoantibodies.

The prevalence of postpartum thyroiditis (PPT) averages 5%, with a range from 1% (Thailand) to 22% (Wales, UK, and Liguria, Italy), but 3.6% in another Italian region (Puglia). Evolution of PPT into permanent hypothyroidism (PH) occurs in approximately 50% of cases.

What women want? Results from a prospective multicenter study on women's preference about pain management during labour.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess women preference about pain and duration of labour applying a standardized questionnaire.

Study Design: A prospective multicentre large cohort study was carried out in two different University Hospitals. A standardized questionnaire was proposed before active labour and the day after delivery in order to investigate whether women preferred low pain intensity for a longer labour duration or greater pain intensity for a shorter labour duration.

Hysteroscopic Morcellation of Submucous Myomas: A Systematic Review.

Hysteroscopic surgery is the actual gold standard treatment for several types of intrauterine pathologies, including submucous myomas (SMs). To date, the availability of Hysteroscopic Tissue Removal systems (HTRs) opened a new scenario. Based on these elements, the aim of this article is to review the available evidence about HTRs for the management of SMs.

Epigenetic and genetic landscape of uterine leiomyomas: a current view over a common gynecological disease.

Purpose: Despite the numerous studies on the factors involved in the genesis and growth of uterine leiomyomas, the pathogenesis of these tumors remains unknown. Intrinsic abnormalities of the myometrium, abnormal myometrial receptors for estrogen, and hormonal changes or altered responses to ischemic damage during the menstrual period may be responsible for the initiation of (epi)genetic changes found in these tumors. Considering these elements, we aimed to offer an overview about epigenetic and genetic landscape of uterine leiomyomas.

Fertility Sparing Strategies in Patients Affected by Placental Site Trophoblastic Tumor.

Placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT) is the least common and the most ambiguous gestational trophoblastic tumor. Presentation of PSTT may occur in the course of gestation or from 1 week to 14 years after a normal or an abnormal pregnancy (mole, ectopic pregnancy, abortion). The indicators of aggressive behavior for this tumor are not well established.

Low prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus serum markers in a cohort of pregnant women from Southern Italy.

Background: Mother-to-child transmission is still considered a major factor in the spread of hepatitis viruses. Nevertheless, epidemiological data on hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in reproductive-age women are limited even in areas like the South of Italy where both viruses had been widespread.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HBV and HCV serum markers in a large cohort of pregnant women from Southern Italy.

Inside-out: the role of anger experience and expression in the development of postpartum mood disorders.

Purpose: Among negative emotions, anger has not been studied in as much depth in her connection to postpartum mood disorders. The study aimed to investigate the role of anger as a potential vulnerability factor increasing the risk of Maternity Blues (MB) and Postpartum Depression (PPD).

Materials And Methods: Pregnant women in their third trimester of pregnancy underwent the following tests: the State Trait Anger Expression Inventory 2 - STAXI-2 (baseline visit), the Blues Questionnaire -BQ (3 and 5 days after delivery), and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) (3 and 6 months following delivery).

Fasting as possible complementary approach for polycystic ovary syndrome: Hope or hype?

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine system disorder among women of reproductive age. In several cases, PCOS women show infertility or subfertility and other metabolic alteration, such as insulin resistance (InsR), dyslipidaemia, hyperinsulinemia and obesity. Despite the aetiology of the syndrome is still far from be elucidated, it could be considered the result of concurrent endocrine modifications, lifestyle factors and genetic background.

Thromboembolism prophylaxis in laparoscopic surgery for gynecologic benign diseases. Results of a single center experience in 922 procedures.

Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the role of preoperative evaluation risk for venous tromboembolism (VTE) in patients submitted to laparoscopic surgery for gynecologic benign diseases.

Methods: Date from nine hundred twenty-two women affected by adnexal benign diseases treated with laparoscopic procedures were collected and included in this study. VTE risk was assessed by "on line Caprini score calculator".

Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno: A novel, evidence-based, unifying theory for the pathogenesis of endometriosis.

The theory of retrograde menstruation as aetiopathogenesis of endometriosis formulated by John Sampson in 1927 shows clear shortcomings: this does not explain why retrograde menstruation is a physiological process that affects 90% of women, while endometriosis occurs in only 10% of cases; it also does not explain the endometriotic foci distant from the pelvis, nor explains the cases of endometriosis in male patients. The immunological alterations of the peritoneal fluid explains the effects of disease, such as the inhibition of the physiological processes of cytolysis, but does not explain the cause. There is evidence to support the hypothesis that ectopic müllerian remnants of the endometrium, endocervix and endosalpinx are items from the genital ridge leaked during organogenesis.

Do miRNAs Play a Role in Fetal Growth Restriction? A Fresh Look to a Busy Corner.

Placenta is the crucial organ for embryo and fetus development and plays a critical role in the development of fetal growth restriction (FGR). There are increasing evidences on the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in a variety of pregnancy-related complications such as preeclampsia and FGR. More than 1880 miRNAs have been reported in humans and most of them are expressed in placenta.

Etiology, pathophysiology and biomarkers of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome.

Purpose: Interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) is a chronic pain syndrome and a chronic inflammatory condition prevalent in women that leads to urgency, sleep disruption, nocturia and pain in the pelvic area, to the detriment of the sufferer's quality of life. The aim of this review is to highlight the newest diagnostic strategies and potential therapeutic techniques.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review was performed on MEDLINE, PubMed, and Cochrane databases gathering all literature about "Interstitial cystitis" and "Painful Bladder Syndrome".

Epithelial ovarian cancer inherent resistance: May the pleiotropic interaction between reduced immunosurveillance and drug-resistant cells play a key role?

•Cancer cells may have inherent chemoresistance which allows an indefinite expansion.•Transformed ovarian epithelial cells may undergo an immunoediting process.•Immunoedited ovarian cancer drug-resistant cells escape first-line chemotherapy.

Data comparison between pharmacological induction of labour and spontaneous delivery. A single centre experience.

Objectives: To assess the differences in the maternal and fetal outcomes between pharmacological induced and sponta-neous labour in nulliparous women.

Material And Methods: Observational cohort study carried out over a period of 2 years.

Inclusion Criteria: nulliparous sin-gleton pregnancies, with cephalic fetal presentation, elective labour induction with intra-vaginal prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) gel (Prepidil® 2 mg) at a gestational age of 41 weeks.

Breastfeeding Education: Where Are We Going? A Systematic Review Article.

Background: UNICEF (United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund) and WHO estimate that if all babies were breastfed for at least the first six months of their lives, the rate of morbidity and malnutrition would significantly decrease all over the world. In this view, these two organizations promoted a worldwide campaign for breastfeeding, creating the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) that encourages good practices for the promotion of breastfeeding in hospitals. The aim of our study was to review the available evidence regarding the positive effects of breastfeeding, in order to suggest to most appropriate strategy to support it.

Work load and management in the delivery room: changing the direction of healthcare policy.

Nurse staffing, increased workload and unstable nursing unit environments are linked to negative patient outcomes including falls and medication errors on medical/surgical units. Considering this evidence, the aim of our study was to overview midwives' workload and work setting. We created a questionnaire and performed an online survey.

Endometrial preparation with Dienogest before hysteroscopic surgery: a systematic review.

Purpose: Hysteroscopic surgery is considered the gold standard for the minimal invasive treatment of many endouterine diseases such as endometrial polyps or submucous myomas. Recently, many studies have evaluated the effect of preoperative administration of a number of drugs to reduce endometrial thickness and achieve important intraoperative advantages. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the available evidence about the use of Dienogest, an orally administrable progestin, for endometrial preparation before hysteroscopic surgery.

Regulation of apoptotic pathways during endometriosis: from the molecular basis to the future perspectives.

Purpose: Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial-like endometrial cells, glands and stroma outside the uterus, causing a strong inflammatory-like microenvironment in the affected tissue. This may provoke a breakdown in the peritoneal cavity homeostasis, with the consequent processes of immune alteration, documented by peripheral mononuclear cells recruitment and secretion of inflammatory cytokines in early phases and of angiogenic and fibrogenic cytokines in the late stages of the disease. Considering the pivotal role of interaction between immune and endometriotic cells, in this paper, we aim to shed light about the role of apoptosis pathways in modulating the fine-regulated peritoneal microenvironment during endometriosis.

Full-Thickness Excision versus Shaving by Laparoscopy for Intestinal Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis: Rationale and Potential Treatment Options.

Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial mucosa (glands and stroma) abnormally implanted in locations other than the uterine cavity. Deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) is considered the most aggressive presentation of the disease, penetrating more than 5 mm in affected tissues, and it is reported in approximately 20% of all women with endometriosis. DIE can cause a complete distortion of the pelvic anatomy and it mainly involves uterosacral ligaments, bladder, rectovaginal septum, rectum, and rectosigmoid colon.