[Detoxification after use of new psychoactive substances purchased online].

Background: The knowledge base on new psychoactive substances (NPS) is generally limited. This introduces new challenges and increased unpredictability in substance abuse treatment.

Case Presentation: A man in his thirties was submitted to detoxification after reportedly using flubromazolam, a high potency designer benzodiazepine, which he had purchased on the dark web.

Spontaneous partial recovery of striatal dopaminergic uptake despite nigral cell loss in asymptomatic MPTP-lesioned female minipigs.

The Göttingen minipig is a large animal with a gyrencephalic brain that expresses -complex behavior, making it an attractive model for Parkinson's disease research. Here, we investigate the temporal evolution of presynaptic dopaminergic function for 14 months after injections of 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) into the minipig using a multi-tracer longitudinal positron emission tomography (PET) design. We injected seven sedated minipigs with 1-2 mg/kg of MPTP, and two with saline, three times a week over four weeks.

Non-ablative doses of focal ionizing radiation alters function of central neural circuits.

Background: Modulation of pathological neural circuit activity in the brain with a minimum of complications is an area of intense interest.

Objective: The goal of the study was to alter neurons' physiological states without apparent damage of cellular integrity using stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS).

Methods: We treated a 7.

Ageing promotes pathological alpha-synuclein propagation and autonomic dysfunction in wild-type rats.

Neuronal aggregates of misfolded alpha-synuclein protein are found in the brain and periphery of patients with Parkinson's disease. Braak and colleagues have hypothesized that the initial formation of misfolded alpha-synuclein may start in the gut, and then spread to the brain via peripheral autonomic nerves hereby affecting several organs, including the heart and intestine. Age is considered the greatest risk factor for Parkinson's disease, but the effect of age on the formation of pathology and its propagation has not been studied in detail.

An Intracortical Implantable Brain-Computer Interface for Telemetric Real-Time Recording and Manipulation of Neuronal Circuits for Closed-Loop Intervention.

Recording and manipulating neuronal ensemble activity is a key requirement in advanced neuromodulatory and behavior studies. Devices capable of both recording and manipulating neuronal activity brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) should ideally operate un-tethered and allow chronic longitudinal manipulations in the freely moving animal. In this study, we designed a new intracortical BCI feasible of telemetric recording and stimulating local gray and white matter of visual neural circuit after irradiation exposure.

Evidence for bidirectional and trans-synaptic parasympathetic and sympathetic propagation of alpha-synuclein in rats.

The conversion of endogenous alpha-synuclein (asyn) to pathological asyn-enriched aggregates is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). These inclusions can be detected in the central and enteric nervous system (ENS). Moreover, gastrointestinal symptoms can appear up to 20 years before the diagnosis of PD.

A clinically relevant blunt spinal cord injury model in the regeneration competent axolotl () tail.

A randomized controlled and blinded animal trial was conducted in the axolotl (), which has the ability to regenerate from transectional spinal cord injury (SCI). The objective of the present study was to investigate the axolotl's ability to regenerate from a blunt spinal cord trauma in a clinical setting. Axolotls were block-randomized to the intervention (n=6) or sham group (n=6).

Nigrostriatal proteasome inhibition impairs dopamine neurotransmission and motor function in minipigs.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra leading to slowness and stiffness of limb movement with rest tremor. Using ubiquitin proteasome system inhibitors, rodent models have shown nigrostriatal degeneration and motor impairment. We translated this model to the Göttingen minipig by administering lactacystin into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB).

Brain Tissue Reaction to Deep Brain Stimulation-A Longitudinal Study of DBS in the Goettingen Minipig.

Objectives: The use of Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) in treatment of various brain disorders is constantly growing; however, the number of studies of the reaction of the brain tissue toward implanted leads is still limited. Therefore, the aim of our study was to analyze the impact of DBS leads on brain tissue in a large animal model using minipigs.

Methods: Twelve female animals, one control and eleven with bilaterally implanted DBS electrodes were used in our experiment.

Sialic acid-containing milk proteins show differential immunomodulatory activities independent of sialic acid.

The immunomodulatory activities of four sialic acid-containing milk proteins (kappa-casein, glycomacropeptide, lactoferrin, and proteose peptone-3 component) were determined, and the role of sialic acid was evaluated. Two in vitro models were used: murine splenocyte proliferation, where the effect on LPS-, Con A-, and PHA-stimulated proliferation was studied, and cytokine production in LPS-stimulated murine dendritic cells (DC). All four proteins inhibited LPS-induced splenocyte proliferation, though to different degrees, and independently of sialic acid.

Pain and sensory dysfunction 6 to 12 months after inguinal herniotomy.

Inguinal hernia repair is associated with a 5%-30% incidence of chronic pain, but the pathogenesis remains unknown. We therefore evaluated pain and sensory dysfunction by quantitative sensory testing 6-12 mo after open hemiorrhaphy. Before sensory testing, all patients (n = 72) completed a short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire and a functional impairment questionnaire.

Postherniorrhaphy urinary retention--effect of local, regional, and general anesthesia: a review.

Background And Objectives: Postherniorrhaphy urinary retention (UR) may depend on the anesthetic technique. We therefore reviewed available published studies of UR in relation to anesthetic technique.

Methods: A Medline-based search (1966-November 2001) revealed 70 nonrandomized and 2 randomized studies.