Pathogenic diversification of the gut commensal via acquisition of a second type III secretion system.

is a Gram-negative bacterium found in various water and land environments and organisms, including insects and mammals. Some strains encode gene homologs of virulence factors found in pathogenic Enterobacterales members, such as serovar Typhimurium and . Whether these genes are pathogenic determinants in is not known.

Sensitivity of dairy calf serotype Cerro isolates to infection-relevant stressors.

serotype Cerro (. Cerro) is an emerging serotype isolated from cattle, but the association of . Cerro with disease is not well understood.

Pathogenic diversification of the gut commensal via acquisition of a second type III secretion system.

is a Gram-negative bacterium found in a wide variety of water and land environments and organisms. It has been isolated as part of the gut microbiome of animals and insects, as well as from stool samples of patients with diarrhea. Specific strains encode gene homologs of virulence factors found in other pathogenic members of the same Enterobacterales order, such as serovar Typhimurium and Whether these genes are also pathogenic determinants in is not known.

MARCKS Inhibition Alters Bovine Neutrophil Responses to Typhimurium.

Neutrophils are innate immune cells that respond quickly to sites of bacterial infection and play an essential role in host defense. Interestingly, some bacterial pathogens benefit from exuberant neutrophil inflammation. is one such pathogen that can utilize the toxic mediators released by neutrophils to colonize the intestine and cause enterocolitis.

The Salmonella type-3 secretion system-1 and flagellar motility influence the neutrophil respiratory burst.

Neutrophils are innate immune response cells designed to kill invading microorganisms. One of the mechanisms neutrophils use to kill bacteria is generation of damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the respiratory burst. However, during enteric salmonellosis, neutrophil-derived ROS actually facilitates Salmonella expansion and survival in the gut.

Evaluation of serum amyloid A and haptoglobin concentrations as prognostic indicators for horses with colic.

Objective: To evaluate the use of the acute-phase proteins serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin as prognostic indicators in horses with colic with regard to the need for surgical intervention, development of complications, and hospitalization cost and duration.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Animals: 20 clinically normal horses and 42 horses with colic.

Evaluation of serum amyloid A and haptoglobin concentrations as prognostic indicators for horses with inflammatory disease examined at a tertiary care hospital.

Objective: To evaluate use of serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin concentrations as prognostic indicators for horses with inflammatory disease in regard to euthanasia, complications, and hospitalization duration and cost.

Animals: 20 clinically normal horses and 53 horses with inflammatory disease.

Procedures: Total WBC count, neutrophil count, and fibrinogen, SAA, and haptoglobin concentrations were determined for clinically normal horses and horses with suspected inflammatory disease.

Neurotropic T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma in a 14-year-old Morgan gelding.

A 14-year-old Morgan gelding was presented for progressive weakness and muscle atrophy. The horse was initially diagnosed with equine protozoal myelitis based on history, physical examination, and laboratory diagnostics. Despite therapy, the horse declined clinically and was euthanized.