Phytochemical Characterization, Antioxidant Activity, and Cytotoxicity of Methanolic Leaf Extract of (Green Type) (Thunb.) Jacq.

genus has been extensively studied due to its diverse biological activities. We evaluated the methanolic extract of leaves of (Green type) (Thunb.) Jacques, the species that is less studied compared to .

The first water-soluble polynuclear metallamacrocyclic Sr(ii)-Cu(ii) complex based on simple glycinehydroximate ligands.

Recently, aminohydroximate ligands have found wide applications in the fascinating class of polynuclear metallamacrocyclic compounds named 15-MC-5 metallacrowns. The enhanced interest in water-soluble aminohydroximate Ln(iii)-Cu(ii) complexes is largely due to their rich coordination chemistry, diverse properties and ease of synthesis. We examined glycinehydroxamic acid as a simple ligand for the preparation of the first water-soluble polynuclear metallamacrocyclic Sr(ii)-Cu(ii) compound.

Effect of peripheral opioid receptor agonists on depressive activity of ethanol.

We studied the effect of peripheral μ- and κ-opioid receptor agonists (not crossing the bloodbrain barrier) on locomotor activity and metabolism in rats after acute administration of ethanol. Intraperitoneal injection of ethanol in a single dose of 2 g/kg had a strong depressive effect manifested in a decrease in horizontal locomotor activity and suppression of metabolism. μ-Opioid receptor agonist DAMGO and κ-opioid receptor agonist ICI 204,448 partly abolished the effect of ethanol on locomotor activity of rats.

Laser monitor for non-destructive testing of materials and processes shielded by intensive background lighting.

A single-pulse imaging laser projection system (laser monitor) is proposed for real-time monitoring high-speed processes shielded by the intensive background lighting. The brightness temperature of the lighting can reach thousands or even tens of thousands of degrees, which makes it difficult to observe the processes with the naked eye. The estimates of limiting temperatures show that the use of the proposed instrument allows to view the objects when the equivalent brightness temperature of the background lighting is up to 45,000 K.

Peripheral administration of loperamide and methylnaloxone decreases the degree of anxiety in rats.

We studied the effect of μ-opioid receptor ligands on anxious and depressive behavior of rats. Intragastric administration of loperamide and methylnaloxone reduced animal anxiety evaluated by an increase in the number of entries into and time spent in open arms of the elevated plus-maze. μ-Opioid receptor agonist loperamide had the most pronounced anxiolytic effect.

Hypothesis on reciprocal interactions between the central and peripheral components of the endogenous opioid system.

A hypothesis on reciprocal interactions between the central and peripheral components of the endogenous opioid system was formulated on the basis of results of our experimental studies and published data. In order to verify this hypothesis, we studied the effects of peripheral administration of loperamide (mu-opioid receptor agonist) and methylnaloxone (opioid receptor antagonist) not penetrating through the blood-brain barrier on the pain sensitivity of rats, morphine-induced analgesia, and formation of morphine analgesia tolerance. Peripheral loperamide and methylnaloxone modulated the central mechanisms of perception of painful stimuli.

Self-administration of morphine by rats causes monoamine release in the anterior cingulate cortex.

Monoamine content in the microdialysate from the anterior cingulate cortex was measured in rats after injections and self-administration of morphine. Forced intraperitoneal injection of morphine did not lead to appreciable changes in the monoamine levels in the dialysate. Self-administration significantly increased monoamine levels in the extracellular space of the anterior cingulate cortex.

Methylnaloxone suppresses the development of withdrawal syndrome in morphine-dependent rats.

We studied the effect of peripheral opioid receptor antagonist methylnaloxone on the development of withdrawal syndrome in morphine-dependent rats. Intraperitoneal injections of methylnaloxone iodide in a daily dose of 2 mg/kg over 3 days after morphine withdrawal reduced the severity of withdrawal symptoms. The mean total score of withdrawal syndrome in treated rats (3.

Changed morphine sensitivity of morphine-dependent rats after laser exposure of the cerebral prefrontal cortex.

We studied the effect of bilateral laser exposure of the cerebral prefrontal cortex in morphine-dependent rats on their sensitivity to positive reinforcing and toxic effect of morphine. Laser exposure led to partial deafferentation of the cingulum. Exposure of the anterior and central areas of the prefrontal cortex stimulated self-administration of low morphine doses and had no effect on self-administration of high concentrations.

Effect of destruction of gyrus cinguli in rat brain on the development of tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine and physical dependence on morphine.

We studied the effect of bilateral laser destruction of rat anterior cingulate gyrus on the analgesic effect of morphine and development of tolerance and physical dependence on morphine. Bilateral laser destruction of the anterior cingulate gyrus did not modulate pain sensitivity, analgesic effect of morphine, and development of morphine tolerance. Destruction of the cingulate gyrus alleviated symptoms of the abstinence syndrome in morphine-dependent animals.