Protective Effects of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles on MC3T3-E1 Osteoblastic Cells Exposed to X-Ray Irradiation.

Background/aims: Exposure to ionizing radiation can result in bone damage, including decreased osteocyte number and suppressed osteoblastic activity. However, molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated, and effective prevention strategies are still limited. This study was to investigate whether cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NP) can protect MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells from damaging effects of X-ray irradiation, and to study the underpinning mechanism(s).

Acetaminophen attenuates glomerulosclerosis in obese Zucker rats via reactive oxygen species/p38MAPK signaling pathways.

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is a critical pathological lesion in metabolic syndrome-associated kidney disease that, if allowed to proceed unchecked, can lead to renal failure. However, the exact mechanisms underlying glomerulosclerosis remain unclear, and effective prevention strategies against glomerulosclerosis are currently limited. Herein, we demonstrate that chronic low-dose ingestion of acetaminophen (30 mg/kg/day for 6 months) attenuates proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis, podocyte injury, and inflammation in the obese Zucker rat model of metabolic syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome-induced tubulointerstitial injury: role of oxidative stress and preventive effects of acetaminophen.

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome persistently increases and affects over 30% of U.S. adults.

Intratracheal instillation of cerium oxide nanoparticles induces hepatic toxicity in male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Background: Cerium oxide (CeO(2)) nanoparticles have been posited to have both beneficial and toxic effects on biological systems. Herein, we examine if a single intratracheal instillation of CeO(2) nanoparticles is associated with systemic toxicity in male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Methods And Results: Compared with control animals, CeO(2) nanoparticle exposure was associated with increased liver ceria levels, elevations in serum alanine transaminase levels, reduced albumin levels, a diminished sodium-potassium ratio, and decreased serum triglyceride levels (P < 0.

Deferasirox protects against iron-induced hepatic injury in Mongolian gerbil.

Iron overload is associated with an increased risk of liver complications including fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Deferasirox is a new oral chelator with high iron-binding potency and selectivity. Here we investigate the ability of deferasirox to remove excessive hepatic iron and prevent iron-induced hepatic injury.

Iron-induced cardiac damage: role of apoptosis and deferasirox intervention.

Excess cardiac iron levels are associated with cardiac damage and can result in increased morbidity and mortality. Here, we hypothesize that elevations in tissue iron can activate caspase-dependent signaling, which leads to increased cardiac apoptosis and fibrosis, and that these alterations can be attenuated by iron chelation. Using an iron-overloaded gerbil model, we show that increased cardiac iron is associated with reduced activation of Akt (Ser473 and Thr308), diminished phosphorylation of the proapoptotic regulator Bad (Ser136), and an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio.

Concurrent smoking-related interstitial lung diseases in a single patient.

The three smoking-related interstitial lung diseases (ILD) include desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP), respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease (RB-ILD), and pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH). They are considered discrete entities, yet it is not unusual to find a mixture of pathologic features rendering the histopathologic diagnosis difficult. It is uncommon to have overlap in the different radiologic findings between these diseases.

Adaptation of Haplobothrium globuliforme (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) to the intestinal architecture of the bowfin (Amia calva L).

Haplobothrium globuliforme maintains its position in the proximal mid-gut epithelium of Amia calva with the aid of tentacles, i.e., proboscides, everted from scolices of a primary strobila and craspedote proglottids of a secondary strobila.

Nephrotoxicity induced by the R- and S-enantiomers of N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-hydroxysuccinimide (NDHS) and their sulfate conjugates in male Fischer 344 rats.

The agricultural fungicide N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide (NDPS) induces nephrotoxicity characterized as polyuric renal failure and mediated via metabolites arising from oxidation of the succinimide ring. Recent findings have suggested that the stereochemical nature of NDPS metabolites may be an important factor in NDPS metabolite-induced nephrotoxicity. The purpose of the present study was to determine the role of stereochemistry in the in vivo nephrotoxicity induced by R-(+)- and S-(-)-N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-hydroxysuccinimide (R- and S-NDHS) and the in vitro nephrotoxicity induced by their enantiomeric sulfate conjugates, R-(-)- and S-(+)-N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-hydroxysuccinimide-O-sulfate (R- and S-NSC).

Age-associated changes in hearts of male Fischer 344/Brown Norway F1 rats.

Aging is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy, dilatation, and fibrosis of the heart. The Fischer 344/Brown Norway F1 (F344/BNF1) rat is recommended for age-related studies by the National Institutes on Aging because this hybrid rat lives longer and has a lower rate of pathological conditions than inbred rats. However, little is known about age-associated changes in cardiac and aortic function and structure in this model.

Distribution of Helicobacter pylori organisms in the stomachs of children with H. pylori infection.

Histology has been recognized as the gold standard for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection in children. For ethical reasons, the number of mucosal biopsies obtained during endoscopic procedures is limited in the pediatric population. The aim of this study was to identify the optimal location where Hp organisms are colonized.

T and B cell repertoire in gastric lymph follicles in children with Helicobacter pylori infection.

Helicobacter pylori infection has been implicated in the development of gastrointestinal malignancy in adults and children. The histopathological processes that lead to such development are unknown. We compared the immune cell repertoire of mucosal lymph follicles in children with H.

Helicobacter pylori serology and the diagnosis of H. pylori infection in children.

Serological screening accuracy rate may be dependent on clinical and pathological determinants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of Hp serology test (Roche Biomedical Lab., Labcorp), in the diagnosis of Hp infection in 121 children who were seen in the Pediatric Gastoenterology Clinic at the Marshall University Joan C.

Prevalence of CagA, VacA antibodies in symptomatic and asymptomatic children with Helicobacter pylori infection.

Background: Limited data are available on the prevalence of CagA and VacA Helicobacter pylori antibodies in children. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibody prevalence to the H. pylori virulence factors CagA and VacA in symptomatic and asymptomatic children with H.

Angiogenesis in malignancies of the female genital tract.

Objective: The purpose of this work was to review current knowledge pertaining to angiogenesis in malignancies of the female genital tract.

Methods: We identified studies published in the English language regarding angiogenesis in gynecologic malignancies. The studies were obtained from a MEDLINE search from 1966 through June 1998; additional sources were identified through cross-referencing.

The effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate on angiogenesis in complex endometrial hyperplasia.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of orally administered medroxyprogesterone acetate upon angiogenesis in the myometrium of patients with complex endometrial hyperplasia.

Methods: Microvessel counts in the myometrium of consecutive patients with complex endometrial hyperplasia, treated with oral medroxyprogesterone acetate prior to hysterectomy (n = 12), were compared with microvessel counts of consecutive control patients with complex endometrial hyperplasia without prehysterectomy medroxyprogesterone acetate treatment (n = 15). All specimens were stained immunohistochemically for factor VIII-related antigen as a sensitive and specific marker for vascular endothelium.

Comparison between a rapid office-based and ELISA serologic test in screening for Helicobacter pylori in children.

Background: The rapid diagnostic serological test for detection of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in children has a significant advantage over the standard enzyme immunoassay (EIA) method, for its simplicity and rapid availability of results in a physician's office setting. We compared the immunochromatographic test with a standard enzyme immunoassay test in the pediatric population.

Is duodenal gastric metaplasia a consequence of Helicobacter pylori infection in children?

Background: Duodenal gastric metaplasia (DGM) is commonly found in association with Helicobacter pylori (Hp)-associated gastritis in adults. DGM is also considered a risk factor for duodenal ulcer development. The prevalence of DGM in children and its association with gastritis, duodenitis, or the presence of Hp organisms is not clear.

Angiogenesis in primary and metastatic epithelial ovarian carcinoma.

Objective: Our goal was to evaluate angiogenesis in the ovaries and omental metastases as a prognostic indicator in patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma.

Study Design: Ovarian specimens of 42 consecutive patients with primary epithelial ovarian carcinoma (stages I to IV) and omental metastases of 19 of these patients with stage IIIB or stage IIIC disease were stained immunohistochemically for factor VIII-related antigen. Microvessel counts were tested for correlation with patient age, stage of disease, type of tumor, preoperative serum CA 125 level, tumor size, tumor resectability, patient survival, and omental microvessel counts.

Angiogenesis in squamous cell carcinoma in situ and microinvasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

Objective: To evaluate angiogenesis in squamous cell carcinoma in situ (CIS) and microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix and to investigate the relations among angiogenesis, stromal inflammation, and depth of invasion.

Methods: Three groups of women were studied: 22 controls who had undergone hysterectomy for benign conditions; 18 with squamous cell CIS of the cervix who underwent cone biopsy, hysterectomy, or both; and 14 with microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma who underwent conization of the cervix and subsequent surgical management according to depth of invasion. All specimens were stained immunohistochemically for factor VIII-related antigen.

Calcified aldosterone-producing adrenocortical adenoma.

We report the first case of benign aldosteronoma of an ordinary size with calcifications. We review the clinical, clinical imaging, histopathological, and laboratory features of aldosterone-producing adrenal adenoma versus carcinoma. We conclude that no single feature is diagnostic, and the full range of data must be considered.

Angiogenesis in endometrial hyperplasia and stage I endometrial carcinoma.

Objective: To evaluate angiogenesis in endometrial hyperplasia and stage I endometrial carcinoma, and to investigate the relationship between angiogenesis and tumor grade and depth of invasion.

Methods: Three groups of patients were analyzed: control patients who underwent hysterectomy for benign conditions (n = 19), patients with endometrial hyperplasia (n = 24), and patients with stage I endometrial carcinoma (n = 34). All hysterectomy specimens were stained immunohistochemically for factor VIII-related antigen as a sensitive and specific marker for vascular endothelium.

Bilateral epidermoid cysts of the testis: report of a case with preservation of 1 testis.

Epidermoid cysts of the testis are rare, benign lesions. Of approximately 200 reported cases only 1 was bilateral. We report a case of bilateral epidermoid cysts treated with preservation of a testis.

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) levels in children with reflux esophagitis.

Reflux esophagitis is a common disease in infants and can be diagnosed largely by esophageal biopsy. In adults, chronic esophagitis may lead to Barrett's esophagus, a premalignant condition for esophageal cancer development. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is used as an early marker for colon cancer development.

Diagnosis and management of precirrhotic hemochromatosis.

Primary hemochromatosis is a common genetic disorder that results in inappropriate iron absorption and storage, with progressive damage to target organs. Hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma are sequelae of hemochromatosis which are potentially preventable. The diagnosis may be suspected prior to target organ damage by appropriate screening tests, and is confirmed by liver biopsy.