Comparative proteomics of salivary glands of mosquitoes using tandem mass tag (TMT) mass spectrometry.

Background & Objectives: Salivary gland proteins play a pivotal role in blood feeding, epithelial interactions, and parasite transmission in mosquito vectors. Anopheles culicifacies is a complex of five sibling species, viz. A, B, C, D, and E, with diverse geographical distribution patterns.

Proteome-wide analysis of Anopheles culicifacies mosquito midgut: new insights into the mechanism of refractoriness.

Background: Midgut invasion, a major bottleneck for malaria parasites transmission is considered as a potential target for vector-parasite interaction studies. New intervention strategies are required to explore the midgut proteins and their potential role in refractoriness for malaria control in Anopheles mosquitoes. To better understand the midgut functional proteins of An.

Potent antimalarial activity of acriflavine in vitro and in vivo.

Malaria continues to be a major health problem globally. There is an urgent need to find new antimalarials. Acriflavine (ACF) is known as an antibacterial agent and more recently as an anticancer agent.

Bacterial diversity analysis of larvae and adult midgut microflora using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods in lab-reared and field-collected Anopheles stephensi-an Asian malarial vector.

Background: Mosquitoes are intermediate hosts for numerous disease causing organisms. Vector control is one of the most investigated strategy for the suppression of mosquito-borne diseases. Anopheles stephensi is one of the vectors of malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax.

Determination of nitric oxide metabolites, nitrate and nitrite, in Anopheles culicifacies mosquito midgut and haemolymph by anion exchange high-performance liquid chromatography: plausible mechanism of refractoriness.

Background: The diverse physiological and pathological role of nitric oxide in innate immune defenses against many intra and extracellular pathogens, have led to the development of various methods for determining nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. NO metabolites, nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate (NO3-) are produced by the action of an inducible Anopheles culicifacies NO synthase (AcNOS) in mosquito mid-guts and may be central to anti-parasitic arsenal of these mosquitoes.

Method: While exploring a plausible mechanism of refractoriness based on nitric oxide synthase physiology among the sibling species of An.