How ICP-OES changed the face of trace element analysis: Review of the global application landscape.

The 50th anniversary of Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) will be observed in 2024. ICP-OES was first commercially available in 1974, and since then, it has become one of the most widely used analytical techniques in the world. ICP-OES is a powerful tool for the determination of trace and ultratrace elemental concentrations in a wide variety of samples specifically for multielement analysis.

An α-diaminoboryl carbanion assisted stereoselective single-pot preparation of α,β-disubstituted acrylonitriles.

An α-diaminoboryl carbanion-mediated one-pot olefination directly converts an acetonitrile or the homologous nitrile into a series of α,β-disubstituted acrylonitriles in a stereoselective manner. The protocol involves the formation of an α-substituted α-diaminoboryl acetonitrile and subsequent olefination with an aldehyde. The use of an aryl or conjugated aldehyde preferentially leads to a (Z)-acrylonitrile, while an aliphatic aldehyde gave an (E)-isomer as a major product.

A facile, one-pot synthesis of beta-substituted (Z)-acrylonitriles utilizing an alpha-diaminoboryl carbanion.

A simple three-step single-pot procedure for Z-stereoselective synthesis of beta-monosubstituted acrylonitriles has been established. The reaction involves olefination of aldehydes with an in situ generated alpha-diaminoboryl carbanion species. Various aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes were smoothly converted into the corresponding (Z)-olefin products (up to 96:4 ratio) in good yields (80-98%).