Method for preclinical pathology evaluation and analysis of cardiovascular implantable electronic device implant sites.

Unlabelled: Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) typically incorporate leads that directly contact the endocardium. Post-explant pathology evaluation of formalin-fixed CIED lead implant sites and downstream organs (i.e.

The effect of otolith malformation on behavior and cortisol levels in juvenile red drum fish (Sciaenops ocellatus).

Captive-raised red drum fish were observed with phenotypic abnormalities, including deformities of the spine, jaw, and cephalic region, that were consistent with vitamin C deficiency during the larval stage. In light of their visible exterior skeletal abnormalities, we suspected that the affected fish would also have abnormal otoliths. Otoliths are dense calcareous structures that function in fish hearing.