Spiking neural networks fine-tuning for brain image segmentation.

Introduction: The field of machine learning has undergone a significant transformation with the progress of deep artificial neural networks (ANNs) and the growing accessibility of annotated data. ANNs usually require substantial power and memory usage to achieve optimal performance. Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have recently emerged as a low-power alternative to ANNs due to their sparsity nature.

Zero-shot visual reasoning through probabilistic analogical mapping.

Human reasoning is grounded in an ability to identify highly abstract commonalities governing superficially dissimilar visual inputs. Recent efforts to develop algorithms with this capacity have largely focused on approaches that require extensive direct training on visual reasoning tasks, and yield limited generalization to problems with novel content. In contrast, a long tradition of research in cognitive science has focused on elucidating the computational principles underlying human analogical reasoning; however, this work has generally relied on manually constructed representations.

Inappropriate Testing of Streptococcal Pharyngitis in Children Aged Below 3 Years: Application of Statistical Process Control.

Group A strep tests in patients aged below 3 years are not recommended unless the patient has appropriate symptoms and a positive contact or signs of complications. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to increase the percentage of appropriately ordered strep tests among providers. Data were collected retrospectively and prospectively from 1163 patient visits.

The protective effects of miR-210 modified endothelial progenitor cells released exosomes in hypoxia/reoxygenation injured neurons.

We have previously demonstrated that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) provide beneficial effects on ischemic stroke by reducing oxidative stress, which could be through EPCs-released exosomes (EPC-EXs). EXs are emerging as a bioagent for mediating cell-cell communications via their carried microRNAs (miR). miR-210 is shown to provide a neuroprotection effect against ischemic stroke.

Lean Neural Networks for Autonomous Radar Waveform Design.

In recent years, neural networks have exploded in popularity, revolutionizing the domains of computer vision, natural language processing, and autonomous systems. This is due to neural networks ability to approximate complex non-linear functions. Despite their effectiveness, they generally require large labeled data sets and considerable processing power for both training and prediction.

Inter- and Intra-physician variation in quantifying actinic keratosis skin photodamage.

We investigated the variations in physician evaluation of skin photodamage based on a published photodamage scale. Of interest is the utility of a 10-level scale ranging from none and mild photodamage to actinic keratosis (AK). The dorsal forearms of 55 adult subjects with various amounts of photodamage were considered.

Quantifying skin photodamage with spatial frequency domain imaging: statistical results.

We investigated the change in optical properties and vascular parameters to characterize skin tissue from mild photodamage to actinic keratosis (AK) with comparison to a published photodamage scale. Multi-wavelength spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) measurements were performed on the dorsal forearms of 55 adult subjects with various amounts of photodamage. Dermatologists rated the levels of photodamage based upon the photographs in blinded fashion to allow comparison with SFDI data.