Relationships among Clinical Factors and Patient-reported Outcome Measures in Adults with Convergence Insufficiency.

Significance: When exploring relationships among clinical measures and patient-reported outcome measures in adults with convergence insufficiency, worse symptoms (Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey [CISS] score) seemed to be correlated with worse reading function domain score (Adult Strabismus-20 quality-of-life questionnaire). After treatment, improved symptoms were associated with improved reading function quality of life.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore relationships between clinical measures and patient-reported outcome measures in adults undergoing treatment for symptomatic convergence insufficiency.

Plasma Levels of Bevacizumab and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor After Low-Dose Bevacizumab Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity in Infants.

Importance: Intravitreal bevacizumab effectively treats severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), but it enters the bloodstream and may reduce serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), potentially causing detrimental effects on developing organs in the premature infant.

Objective: To evaluate the association of intravitreal bevacizumab with plasma bevacizumab and VEGF concentrations at 2 and 4 weeks after predefined, de-escalating doses of intravitreal bevacizumab were administered to infants with severe ROP.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This phase 1 dose de-escalation case series study was conducted at 10 US hospitals of ophthalmology institutions from May 21, 2015, to May 7, 2019.

Visual Acuity and Ophthalmic Outcomes 5 Years After Cataract Surgery Among Children Younger Than 13 Years.

Importance: Cataract is an important cause of visual impairment in children. Data from a large pediatric cataract surgery registry can provide real-world estimates of visual outcomes and the 5-year cumulative incidence of adverse events.

Objective: To assess visual acuity (VA), incidence of complications and additional eye operations, and refractive error outcomes 5 years after pediatric lensectomy among children younger than 13 years.

A prospective study of treatments for adult-onset divergence insufficiency-type esotropia.

Purpose: To describe 10-week and 12-month outcomes following treatment for divergence insufficiency-type esotropia in adults.

Methods: In this prospective observational study, 110 adults with divergence insufficiency-type esotropia, with a distance esodeviation measuring 2 to 30 and at least 25% larger at distance than near, and binocular diplopia present at least "sometimes" at distance, were enrolled at 28 sites when initiating new treatment. Surgery, prism, or divergence exercises/therapy were chosen at the investigator's discretion.

Visual Outcomes and Complications After Lensectomy for Traumatic Cataract in Children.

Importance: The Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group Cataract Registry provides a multicenter assessment of visual outcomes and complications after lensectomy for traumatic pediatric cataract.

Objective: To report visual acuity (VA) and the cumulative proportion with strabismus, glaucoma, and other ocular complications by 15 months after lensectomy for traumatic cataract among children younger than 13 years at the time of surgery.

Design, Setting, And Participants: From June 18, 2012, to July 8, 2015, 1266 eyes of 994 children from 33 pediatric eye care practices seen within 45 days after lensectomy were enrolled in a multicenter, prospective observational registry.

Improvement in health-related quality of life following strabismus surgery for children with intermittent exotropia.

Purpose: To investigate health-related quality of life (HRQOL) after strabismus surgery in children with intermittent exotropia (IXT) and relationships between HRQOL and surgical success.

Methods: A total of 197 children with IXT aged 3-11 years (and 1 parent of each child) were enrolled in a previously reported randomized clinical trial comparing two surgical procedures. The Intermittent Exotropia Questionnaire (IXTQ) was administered before surgery (baseline), and again at 6 and 36 months following surgery.

Health-related quality of life in children with untreated intermittent exotropia and their parents.

Purpose: To determine whether health-related quality of life (HRQOL) scores improved or worsened over 3 years of observation in childhood intermittent exotropia without treatment.

Methods: A total of 111 children aged 3-11 years with intermittent exotropia were assigned to observation in a previously reported randomized trial comparing patching with observation. The intermittent exotropia questionnaire (IXTQ) was administered at baseline, 6 months, and 36 months.

Short-term Outcomes After Very Low-Dose Intravitreous Bevacizumab for Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Importance: Intravitreous bevacizumab (0.25 mg to 0.625 mg) is commonly used to treat type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), but there are concerns about systemic toxicity, particularly the risk of neurodevelopmental delay.

A Randomized Clinical Trial of Immediate Versus Delayed Glasses for Moderate Hyperopia in Children 3 to 5 Years of Age.

Purpose: To compare visual acuity (VA) and binocularity outcomes in moderately hyperopic children with normal VA and binocularity assigned to glasses versus observation.

Design: Prospective randomized clinical trial (RCT).

Methods: One hundred nineteen 3- to 5-year-old children with hyperopia between +3.

Visual Acuity and Ophthalmic Outcomes in the Year After Cataract Surgery Among Children Younger Than 13 Years.

Importance: Cataract is an important cause of visual impairment in children. Outcomes reported from a large clinical disease-specific registry can provide real-world estimates of visual outcomes and rates of adverse events in clinical practice.

Objective: To describe visual acuity and refractive error outcomes, as well as rates of amblyopia, glaucoma, and additional eye surgery, during the first year after lensectomy in children.

A Randomized Clinical Trial of Immediate versus Delayed Glasses for Moderate Hyperopia in 1- and 2-Year-Olds.

Purpose: Two strategies were compared for managing moderate hyperopia without manifest strabismus among 1- and 2-year-old children: (1) immediate prescription of glasses versus (2) observation without glasses unless reduced distance visual acuity (VA), reduced stereoacuity, or manifest strabismus.

Design: Prospective randomized clinical trial.

Participants: A total of 130 children aged 1 to 2 years with hyperopia between +3.

A Dosing Study of Bevacizumab for Retinopathy of Prematurity: Late Recurrences and Additional Treatments.

Purpose: Intravitreal bevacizumab is increasingly used to treat severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), but it enters the bloodstream, and there is concern that it may alter development of other organs. Previously we reported short-term outcomes of 61 infants enrolled in a dose de-escalation study, and we report the late recurrences and additional treatments.

Design: Masked, multicenter, dose de-escalation study.

Relationship among clinical factors in childhood intermittent exotropia.

Purpose: To determine the relationships between stereoacuity, control of exotropia, and angle of deviation in children with intermittent exotropia (IXT).

Methods: Data collected for 652 participants 3 to <11 years of age with IXT meeting eligibility criteria for enrollment into one of two multicenter, randomized clinical trials were used to evaluate relationships between stereoacuity, control, and angle of deviation at enrollment.

Results: Any level of stereoacuity and angle of deviation could be accompanied by any level of control.

Assessment of Lower Doses of Intravitreous Bevacizumab for Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Phase 1 Dosing Study.

Importance: Intravitreous bevacizumab (0.25 to 0.625 mg) is increasingly used to treat type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), but there remain concerns about systemic toxicity.

Cataract Surgery in Children from Birth to Less than 13 Years of Age: Baseline Characteristics of the Cohort.

Objective: To describe baseline characteristics, initial postoperative refractive errors, operative complications, and magnitude of the intraocular lens (IOL) prediction error for refractive outcome in children undergoing lensectomy largely in North America.

Design: Prospective registry study of children from birth to <13 years of age who underwent lensectomy for any reason within 45 days preceding enrollment.

Participants: Total of 1266 eyes of 994 children; 49% female and 59% white.

Pharmacy Intervention to Improve HIV Testing Uptake Using a Comprehensive Health Screening Approach.

Objective: HIV testing is increasingly available, yet barriers to HIV testing persist for low-income black and Latino people, especially those who use illicit drugs. HIV exceptionalism, or the idea that a positive HIV diagnosis is drastically different from a diagnosis for any other disease, may influence HIV testing-related stigma, resulting in reduced willingness to undergo HIV testing. This pharmacy-based intervention combined HIV testing with less stigmatized chronic disease screening tests (e.

A randomized trial of levodopa as treatment for residual amblyopia in older children.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and short-term safety of levodopa as adjunctive treatment to patching for amblyopia.

Design: Randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Participants: One hundred thirty-nine children 7 to 12 years of age with residual amblyopia resulting from strabismus, anisometropia, or both combined (visual acuity [VA], 20/50-20/400) after patching.