Process evaluation and impact results of the worksite component of a multilevel, multicomponent obesity prevention trial in six Native American communities.

Native Americans (NA) have higher obesity rates compared to other populations. Employed adults spend a significant amount of time at work. OPREVENT2, an obesity prevention trial in 6 NA communities, included a worksite component that incorporated nutrition and physical activity educational media, competitions, tastes tests, and coffee station makeovers.

Cardiometabolic risk among rural Native American adults in a large multilevel multicomponent intervention trial.

This cross-sectional analysis of the baseline evaluation sample of the Obesity Prevention and Evaluation of InterVention Effectiveness in Native Americans 2 (OPREVENT2) study included 601 Native American adults ages 18-75 living in rural reservation communities in the Midwest and Southwest United States. Participants completed a self-report questionnaire for individual and family history of hypertension, heart disease, diabetes and obestiy. Body mass index (BMI), percent body fat, and blood pressure were measured by trained research staff.

A Case of Profound Bradycardia in Endurance Athlete with Severe Anorexia Nervosa.

We present a case of a 54-year-old woman with asymptomatic bradycardia who was referred for consideration of a pacemaker for profound chronic sinus bradycardia (heart rate is 33 beats per minute). Further, history and physical revealed a self-described endurance athlete with severe anorexia nervosa (AN). .

Exposure to a Multilevel, Multicomponent Obesity Prevention Intervention (OPREVENT2) in Rural Native American Communities: Variability and Association with Change in Diet Quality.

The OPREVENT2 obesity prevention trial was a multilevel multicomponent (MLMC) intervention implemented in rural Native American communities in the Midwest and Southwest U.S. Intervention components were delivered through local food stores, worksites, schools, community action coalitions, and by social and community media.

Increased Energy Cost of Mobility in Chronic Stroke.

The purpose of this study was to compare the energy cost of completing mobility-related activities in chronic stroke to the estimated energy cost found in the compendium of physical activities, a resource that estimates and classifies energy cost of various human physical activities. Men (n=18) and women (n=10) with chronic hemiparetic gait (stroke latency: 4 ± 2 years, age: 60.4 ± 1.

Toddler physical activity study: laboratory and community studies to evaluate accelerometer validity and correlates.

Background: Toddlerhood is an important age for physical activity (PA) promotion to prevent obesity and support a physically active lifestyle throughout childhood. Accurate assessment of PA is needed to determine trends/correlates of PA, time spent in sedentary, light, or moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA), and the effectiveness of PA promotion programs. Due to the limited availability of objective measures that have been validated and evaluated for feasibility in community studies, it is unclear which subgroups of toddlers are at the highest risk for inactivity.

Validating accelerometry as a measure of physical activity and energy expenditure in chronic stroke.

Background: Accelerometers can objectively measure steps taken per day in individuals without gait deficits, but accelerometers also have the ability to estimate frequency, intensity, and duration of physical activity. However, thresholds to distinguish varying levels of activity intensity using the Actical brand accelerometer are standardized only for the general population and may underestimate intensity in stroke.

Objective: To derive Actical activity count thresholds specific to stroke disability for use in more accurately gauging time spent at differing activity levels.

Self-Reported Physical Activity Among American Indian Adults From Two Diverse Regions.

Purpose: Physical activity may be a protective factor against the disproportionate rates of chronic diseases faced by American Indians. Nevertheless, few studies report any cultural adoptions made to capture physical activity behaviors among this hard-to-reach population. Existing studies reporting the prevalence of physical activity among American Indians are often aggregated and tend to obscure regional, local, and tribal-level variations.

Ankle Accelerometry for Assessing Physical Activity Among Adolescent Girls: Threshold Determination, Validity, Reliability, and Feasibility.

Purpose: Ankle accelerometry allows for 24-hr data collection and improves data volume/integrity versus hip accelerometry. Using Actical ankle accelerometry, the purpose of this study was to (a) develop sensitive/specific thresholds, (b) examine validity/reliability, (c) compare new thresholds with those of the manufacturer, and (d) examine feasibility in a community sample (low-income, urban adolescent girls).

Method: Two studies were conducted with 6th- through 7th-grade girls (aged 10-14 years old): First was a laboratory study (n = 24), in which 2 Actical accelerometers were placed on the ankle and worn while measuring energy expenditure (Cosmed K4b2, metabolic equivalents [METs]) during 10 prescribed activities.

Dietary prescription adherence and non-structured physical activity following weight loss with and without aerobic exercise.

Objectives: To compare the effects of weight loss with and without exercise on 1) dietary prescription adherence and 2) non-structured activity in postmenopausal women.

Design: Longitudinal study.

Setting: Clinical research setting with facility based exercise and nutrition education.

Multilevel correlates of physical activity for early, mid, and late adolescent girls.

Background: We examined associations among multilevel variables and girls' physical activity to determine whether they vary at different adolescent ages.

Methods: All field sites of the Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls contributed participants from 6th (n = 1576) and 8th grades (n = 3085). The Maryland site contributed an 11th grade sample (n = 589).

A cross-sectional and longitudinal study of travel by walking before and after school among eighth-grade girls.

Purpose: To examine "travel by walking" (TBW) before and after school among eighth-grade girls.

Methods: Participants attended 36 middle schools from Arizona, Maryland, Minnesota, Louisiana, California, and South Carolina participating in the Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls. The cross-sectional sample consisted of 3,076 eighth-grade girls, and the longitudinal sample included 1,017 girls who participated in both sixth and eighth grades.

Comparison of BMI and physical activity between old order Amish children and non-Amish children.

Objective: The Old Order Amish (OOA) is a conservative Christian sect of European origin living in Pennsylvania. Diabetes is rare in adult OOA despite a mean BMI rivaling that in the general U.S.

Challenge! Health promotion/obesity prevention mentorship model among urban, black adolescents.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate a 12-session home/community-based health promotion/obesity prevention program (Challenge!) on changes in BMI status, body composition, physical activity, and diet.

Methods: A total of 235 black adolescents (aged 11-16 years; 38% overweight/obese) were recruited from low-income urban communities. Baseline measures included weight, height, body composition, physical activity (PA), and diet.

Compensation or displacement of physical activity in middle-school girls: the Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls.

Objective: The 'activitystat' hypothesis suggests that increases in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) are accompanied by a compensatory reduction in light physical activity (LPA) and/or an increase in inactivity to maintain a consistent total physical activity level (TPA). The purpose of this study was to identify the evidence of compensation in middle-school girls.

Subjects: Participants were 6916, 8th grade girls from the Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG).

Associations between patterns of objectively measured physical activity and risk factors for the metabolic syndrome.

Purpose: To determine whether certain patterns of objectively measured physical activity (PA) are associated with the risk factors for or the diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome (MS).

Design: Latent class analysis, including assessment of the associations between latent PA classes and risk factors for the MS.

Setting: Random sample from throughout the United States using data from the 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

How active are American adolescents and have they become less active?

The aim of this study was to systematically examine patterns and time trends in US adolescents' physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviours. We examined findings from the nationally representative Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Surveys during 1991-2007, and fit regression models estimating average annual changes and tested time trends, and age, gender and ethnic differences. US adolescents had less PA but more sedentary behaviours than recommended, but showed no clear evidence of becoming less active.

Progressive adaptive physical activity in stroke improves balance, gait, and fitness: preliminary results.

Purpose: We conducted a non-controlled pilot intervention study in stroke survivors to examine the efficacy of low-intensity adaptive physical activity to increase balance, improve walking function, and increase cardiovascular fitness and to determine whether improvements were carried over into activity profiles in home and community.

Method: Adaptive physical activity sessions were conducted 3 times/week for 6 months. The main outcomes were Berg Balance Scale, Dynamic Gait Index, 6-Minute Walk Test, cardiovascular fitness (VO2 peak), Falls Efficacy Scale, and 5-day Step Activity Monitoring.

A longitudinal study of sedentary behavior and overweight in adolescent girls.

The aim of this study is to examine sedentary and light activity in relation to overweight in adolescent girls. Adolescent girls were randomly recruited from 36 schools participating in the Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG). Assessments included age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and body composition estimated from weight, height, and triceps skinfold.

Food-related behavior, physical activity, and dietary intake in First Nations - a population at high risk for diabetes.

Objective: To describe determinants of diet-related behavior and physical activity in First Nations for development of culturally appropriate diabetes prevention programs. DESIGN. Cross-sectional 24-hour dietary recalls (n=129), random household risk factor surveys of primary food preparers/shoppers (n=133), and accelerometry (n=81) were assessed in First Nations adults.

An integrated multi-institutional diabetes prevention program improves knowledge and healthy food acquisition in northwestern Ontario First Nations.

This article presents the impact results of a feasibility study in Canada for prevention of risk factors for diabetes in seven northwestern Ontario First Nations. Baseline and follow-up data were collected before and after the 9-month intervention program in schools, stores, and communities that aimed to improve diet and increase physical activity among adults. Regression analyses indicate a significant change in knowledge among respondents in intervention communities (p < .

Patterns of objectively measured physical activity in the United States.

Purpose: We used latent class analysis (LCA) to assess patterns of physical activity among adults, using the 7 d of accelerometer data from the 2003-2004 NHANES.

Methods: For each participant, we determined the daily minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), vigorous physical activity (VPA), and minutes of MVPA that occurred in bouts of 10 min. Participants were then categorized into patterns of activity, using LCA and adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics.

Objectively assessed associations between physical activity and body composition in middle-school girls: the Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls.

Declining levels of physical activity probably contribute to the increasing prevalence of overweight in US youth. In this study, the authors examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between physical activity and body composition in sixth- and eighth-grade girls. In 2003, girls were recruited from six US states as part of the Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls.

Weekend and weekday patterns of physical activity in overweight and normal-weight adolescent girls.

Objective: To describe the patterns (specifically comparing weekdays and weekends classified by intensities) of physical activity (PA) measured by accelerometry in adolescent girls.

Research Methods And Procedures: Healthy sixth grade girls (n=1603), 11 to 12 years old, were randomly recruited from 36 schools participating in the Trial of Activity in Adolescent Girls. Age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, weight, and height were taken.