[Dietary fibre: more than a matter of dietetics. II. Preventative and therapeutic uses].

A nutrition rich in fibre has a preventive effect against constipation, colon diverticulosis, carcinoma of the large bowel and stomach, type 2-diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. In case of constipation, diverticulosis and diabetes this effect solely depends on dietary fibre. Regarding carcinomas and cardiovascular diseases, so far unknown factors integrated in or associated with fibre-rich food may also contribute to the preventive effect.

[Dietary fibre: more than a matter of dietetics. I. Compounds, properties, physiological effects].

Dietary fibre is a heterogeneous group of substances which have only one common characteristic: the non-digestability in the small bowel. With one exception all fibres are carbohydrates (poly- or disaccharides). Some fibres are water-soluble, others are unsoluble.

Are all lymphoid blasts in the cell cycle? DNA synthesis in the lymphoid tissues of the dog.

Labelling index after one or repeated intravenous injections of 3H-thymidine was measured for various subpopulations of lymphatic cells in different canine lymphoid compartments and correlated with cell morphology. High doses of tritiated thymidine were injected and exposure times of up to 211 days were used. The labelling indices of lymphoid blasts were comparable in all tissues investigated.

Aspects of cellular proliferation during follicular atresia in the dog ovary.

Autoradiography after pulse labelling with [3H] thymidine was applied to investigate the proliferation processes in the granulosa and theca related to follicular atresia of the dog ovary during metestrus. The number of proliferating cells depends on the follicle type and its atretic stage. There is less proliferation in smaller secondary follicles than either in larger ones or tertiary follicles.

Selective labeling of mesenteric lymph nodes: cell production and emigration of newly formed lymphocytes to other organs.

Lymphocyte production by mesenteric lymph nodes of normal young pigs was studied by intranodal injections of either tritiated thymidine or tritiated deoxycytidine as DNA precursors. One or two days after selective labeling of the mesenteric lymph nodes the relative and absolute number of lymphocytes derived from mesenteric lymph nodes were determined autoradiographically in the following organs: mesenteric, cervical and inguinal lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, bone marrow, Peyer's patches, tonsil, different regions of the gut, lung and liver. The overall cell production of mesenteric lymph nodes, as derived from the sum of all labeled cells one day after labeling, was estimated to be about 7 X 10(9) lymphocytes.

Estimation of kinetic parameters of neutrophilic, eosinophilic, and basophilic granulocytes in human blood.

Two hematologically normal patients with glioblastoma and six patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia received continuous 3H-thymidine infusions for 3--10 days. In autoradiographs of blood cell smears taken for 25 days or more after the beginning of 3H-thymidine administration the labeling index and the labeling intensity of granulocytes were determined. A sufficiently high labeling intensity, i.

Evaluation of lymphocyte production in mesenteric lymph nodes.

In normal young pigs two labeling procedures were evaluated to study the production of lymphocytes in mesenteric lymph nodes. Tritiated thymidine was injected either into the superior mesenteric artery or directly into the lymph nodes. There was a high rate of lymphocyte production and a considerable export of newly-formed small lymphocytes.

Labelling of human resting lymphocytes by continuous infusion of [3H]thymidine. I. Characterization of cytoplasmic label.

After continuous 3H-TdR infusion in vivo or incubation with 3H-TdR in vitro human blood lymphocytes were examined by light-microscopic and electron-microscopic autoradiography. Using relatively long autoradiographic exposure times (50--300 days) not only nuclear but also cytoplasmic labelling was visualized, the cytoplasmic label being present in up to 96% of the cells. The cytoplasmic label was predominantly associated with the mitochondria and was removed from the cells nearly completely by treatment with DNase but not with RNase or cold perchloric acid.

Migration pattern of splenic lymphocytes after local labelling of the pig spleen with 3H-cytidine.

In normal young pigs splenic lymphocytes were selectively labelled by injecting tritiated cytidine into a splenic artery. 10 h later several lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs were investigated for spleen-derived lymphocytes by autoradiography. The relative and absolute organ distribution of the labelled cells was determined.

[Cytokinetics of lymph nodes in lymph nodes in lymphatic system diseases (author's transl)].

Untreated malignant lymphatic system diseases are characterized by a preponderance of cell new formation (proliferation) against the destruction of lymphatic cells. If the lymph nodes are enlarged during these diseases, then cell new formation occurs largely or mostly in these lymph nodes. The proliferating cells of the lymph node are bigger than small lyphocytes and have, in general, a mean diameter of the nucleus of 10 mu and more.

[Kinetics and differentiation of monocytes in man (author's transl)].

This paper gives a short review of the monocytopoiesis in the bone marrow, the kinetics of monocytes in the blood, the differentiation of monocytes in the tissue and presents new data on monocyte transit time through the peripheral blood. Monocyte kinetics were studied in three hematologically normal persons, four patients with Hodgkin's disease and four patients with chroniclymphocytic leukemia using 3H-TdR-pulse-injection or 3H-TdR continuous infusion. The average value of the mean blood monocyte transit time was 25.

Relative and absolute numbers of E- and EAC-rosette-forming cells in lymphoid organs.

The percentage of lymphocytes of the blood and lymphoid organs of young pigs were determined by forming rosettes with pretreated sheep red blood cells (AET-rosettes) or with sheep red blood cells coated with antibody and complement (EAC-rosettes). The mean figures for AET-rosettes were 70% for the blood, 93% for the thymus, 78% for lymph-nodes and 68% for the spleen. For EAC-rosettes the numbers were 16%, 0%, 16% and 19% respectively.

Rosette formation of pig peripheral blood lymphocytes with sheep red blood cells.

Peripheral blood lymphocytes of normal young pigs formed spontaneous and EAC rosettes with sheep red blood cells. Pretreatment of the SRBC with a sulphydryl reagent increased the percentage of spontaneous rosettes and the number of SRBC bound by the lymphocytes. The influence of an incubation period prior to centrifugation and the duration and temperature of the following incubation were tested for spontaneous and EAC rosettes.

Factor VIII coagulant activity and factor VIII-related antigen released from isolated perfused human spleens.

Eight human spleens were perfused for up to 65 h at normothermia and the coagulant Factor VIII activity measured in the perfusate. In addition, in three experiments Factor VIII-related antigen was determined in the perfusate. Although the spleens were pathologically enlarged and the normal structure involved by different diseases, all spleens released Factor VIII coagulant activity and Factor VIII-related antigen.

Lymphocytopoiesis in vitro. Production of small lymphocytes and plasma cells in the isolated perfused spleen.

The production of small lymphocytes and mature plasma cells could be shown in the isolated perfused pig spleen using labelling with 3H-TdR. Within the first day the labelling index for lymphocytes increased to up to 10% and the labelling index for mature plasma cells to up to 60%.

The predominant role of the spleen in lymphocyte recirculation. II. Pre- and postsplenectomy retransfusion studies in young pigs.

Autologous blood lymphocytes from three normal pigs were labelled with 3H-uridine and retransfused before and after splenectomy. Frequent samples for up to 150 min after retransfusion were evaluated autoradiographically to determine the rate of disappearance of labelled lymphocytes from the blood. In one pig retransfusion was performed before and after sham-splenectomy.

Comparison of in vitro and in vivo cell cycle parameters of lymphoid cells in pig spleens.

Parameters of the cell cycle of lymphoid cells were estimated by analyzing percent labeled mitoses curves after a 3H-thymidine flash. Either anaesthetized pigs were labeled and multiple biopsies taken from the spleen in vivo or isolated perfused pig spleens were labeled in vitro. The data from in vivo and in vitro experiments were very similar.

The predominant role of the spleen in lymphocyte recirculation. I. Homing of lymphocytes to and release from the isolated perfused pig spleen.

Lymphocyte recirculation through the isolated pig spleen was studied by means of a perfusion system which kept the organ alive for a prolonged period of time. By changing the perfusate to a leucocyte-enriched or cell-free perfusate and taking serial arterial and venous samples, the numbers of lymphocytes which homed to or were released from the spleen were measured. In all experiments more lymphocytes homed than were released per minute.