Roles of PD-L1 in human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells under inflammatory microenvironment.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) display unique homing and immunosuppression features which make them promising candidates for cell therapy in inflammatory disorders. It is known that C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4, also known as CD184) is a critical receptor implicated in MSCs migration, and the protein programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is involved in MSC's immunosuppression. However, it remains unclear how the molecular mechanisms regulate PD-L1 expression for migration and immunosuppression of MSCs under the inflammatory microenvironment.

Long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes among preterm infants born to mothers with diabetes mellitus.

Background: The long-term effects of maternal diabetes on preterm infant neurodevelopment are unknown. This study aims to determine if there was an increased likelihood of neurodevelopmental impairment in preterm infants born to mothers with diabetes.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on preterm infants with neurodevelopmental evaluations at 18-36 months corrected age using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development Third edition.

Two-year neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants who received red blood cell transfusion.

Background: Studies aimed at reducing neonatal anaemia or transfusing higher blood volumes did not find improvement in neurodevelopmental function at two years of age. This study investigated the relationship between the receipt, timing, and number of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions and neurodevelopmental outcomes among preterm infants.

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective review of preterm infants (gestational age <34 weeks) with a full neurodevelopmental assessment at 18-36 months corrected age from October 2008 to September 2020.

Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy for Totally Endophytic Renal Tumors: Step by Step Standardized Surgical Technique and Long-Term Outcomes with a Median 59-Month Follow-Up.

Background: Treatment of totally endophytic renal tumors is a technically demanding surgery. While few studies show promising perioperative and short-term outcomes of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN), its long-term outcomes remain undetermined.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective analysis of 89 patients with totally endophytic renal tumors undergoing either RAPN (n = 52) or open partial nephrectomy (OPN; n = 37) in a tertiary-care institution between 2005 and 2015 was performed.

Estimated glomerular filtration rate's time to nadir after robot-assisted partial nephrectomy: Predictors and clinical significance on renal functional recovery.

Objectives: To investigate the impact of postoperative time to nadir of estimated glomerular filtration rate on renal functional changes after robot-assisted partial nephrectomy.

Methods: From 2006 to 2015, 287 patients with renal mass who underwent robot-assisted partial nephrectomy in a referral center were analyzed. The cohort was evaluated based on their time to develop nadir: group 1 (no nadir), group 2 (<48 h) and group 3 (≥48 h).

Off-Clamp Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy: How Far Shall We Proceed?

Background: Off-clamp robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) is associated with increased intraoperative blood loss compared with on-clamp technique. Our aim was to demonstrate our surgical technique and to determine which tumors are ideally suited for this technique.

Methods: Sixty-two patients who underwent off-clamp RAPN for renal tumor between 2006 and 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.

Prostate-specific antigen 10-20 ng/mL: A predictor of degree of upgrading to ≥8 among patients with biopsy Gleason score 6.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the predictors of upgrading and degree of upgrading among patients who have initial Gleason score (GS) 6 treated with robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP).

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review of the data of 359 men with an initial biopsy GS 6, localized prostate cancer who underwent RARP between July 2005 to June 2010 was performed. They were grouped into group 1 (nonupgrade) and group 2 (upgraded) based on their prostatectomy specimen GS.

Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy confers excellent long-term outcomes for the treatment of complex cystic renal tumors: Median follow up of 58 months.

Objectives: To analyze long-term outcomes of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy for treatment of complex cystic renal tumors.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients who underwent robot-assisted partial nephrectomy for cystic (n = 32) and solid (n = 263) renal masses at Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea. The primary outcome was assessment of perioperative safety for cystic tumor.

Perioperative and short-term outcomes of Retzius-sparing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy stratified by gland size.

Objective: To investigate the effect of preoperative prostate volume (PV) on the perioperative, continence and early oncological outcomes among patients treated with Retzius-sparing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RS-RALP).

Patients And Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 294 patients with organ-confined prostate cancer treated with RS-RALP in a high-volume centre from November 2012 to February 2015. Patients were divided into three groups based on their transrectal ultrasonography estimated PV as follows: group 1, <40 mL (231 patients); group 2, 40-60 mL (47); group 3, >60 mL (16).