EVALUATION OF SYMMETRIC DIMETHYLARGININE AS AN ENDOGENOUS MARKER OF RENAL DISEASE IN GREATER FLAMINGOS ().

Detection of renal disease in birds is currently reliant on biochemical measures such as uric acid, which is only elevated after significant renal compromise has occurred. Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) production has not been previously evaluated in birds and no reference intervals (RI) for measurement exist in avian species. This study aimed to develop an RI for SDMA in greater flamingos () and evaluate the association between SDMA levels and renal disease.

Estimating the intra-cluster correlation coefficient for evaluating an educational intervention program to improve rabies awareness and dog bite prevention among children in Sikkim, India: A pilot study.

Background: Educational initiatives targeting at-risk populations have long been recognized as a mainstay of ongoing rabies control efforts. Cluster-based studies are often utilized to assess levels of knowledge, attitudes and practices of a population in response to education campaigns. The design of cluster-based studies requires estimates of intra-cluster correlation coefficients obtained from previous studies.