Phytochemicals from Juss. Have Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Effects in Mouse Models.

Neuroinflammatory diseases trigger an inflammatory response and a state of oxidative stress. Juss. has been used to treat conditions related to inflammatory processes in the central nervous system; however, to date, there has been no study on the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of this species.

Neuroprotective effect of (Cav.) Schltdl via inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB, caspase-3/Bax/Bcl-2 pathways in ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.

Introduction: is a plant known for its traditional medicinal uses, particularly in treating inflammation and oxidative stress. Recent studies have explored its potential in neuroprotection, especially in the context of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, a condition where blood supply returns to the brain after a period of ischemia, leading to oxidative stress and inflammation. This damage is a major contributor to neuronal death and neurodegenerative diseases.

An Organic Fraction of L'Her Ex. Aiton Prevents Neuroinflammation in a Rat Ischemic Model.

Background: L'Her Ex. Aiton, presenting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, is traditionally used to treat bruises and headaches and as a healing agent. This study aimed to investigate whether its organic fraction (EAOr) has neuroprotective properties against neuroinflammation in the context of ischemia/reperfusion.

Etiology of Foliar Blight of Indian Paintbrush () in Mexico.

is a native perennial plant used in traditional Mexican medicine. In June 2022, leaf blight symptoms were observed in a wild population of plants. Disease incidence was 80% and disease intensity reached up to 5% of the leaf area.

Antidepressant activity of tricin-7-O-glucoside and anxiolytic-like effect of harmane from Passiflora coriacea Juss. On mice.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Passiflora coriacea Juss., a medicinal plant in the family Passifloraceae, is widely used to treat anxiety and depression in Mexican folk medicine. However, its chemical profile and biological activity have not been characterized.

Induction of Monoterpenoid Oxindole Alkaloids Production and Related Biosynthetic Gene Expression in Response to Signaling Molecules in Plant Cultures.

(Rubiaceae), known as firebush, is a source of bioactive monoterpenoid oxindole alkaloids (MOAs) derived from monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs). With the aim of understanding the regulation of the biosynthesis of these specialized metabolites, micropropagated plants were elicited with jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA). The MOA production and MIA biosynthetic-related gene expression were evaluated over time.

Cyclic Hexapeptide from (Cav.) Schltdl. and Neuroprotective Effects of Root Extracts.

(Cav.) Schltdl. is a shrub that belongs to the family and is distributed throughout México; it has been used for its antioxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties.

Mixed elicitation with salicylic acid and hydrogen peroxide modulates the phenolic and iridoid pathways in Castilleja tenuiflora plants.

SA and HO, in single and mixed elicitation stimulate specialized metabolism and activate oxidative stress in C. tenuiflora plants. Single elicitation with salicylic acid (SA at 75 µM) and, hydrogen peroxide (at 150 µM), and mixed elicitation (75 µM SA + 150 µM HO) were evaluated on specialized metabolism in Castilleja tenuiflora Benth.

New Chromones from (Cav.) Schltdl with Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Activity.

The extract, fractions, and compounds of the root were evaluated as an antiarthritic using a complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) model in mice and NF-κB inhibition in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Four active compounds, including two new compounds, ternifoliol and ternifolial, were isolated by open column chromatography and identified by spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques, resulting in benzochromone-like structures with aromatic rings and hydroxyl groups, which could be responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity and inhibitory NF-κB.

A Mixture of Kaempferol-3--sambubioside and Kaempferol-3--sophoroside from Prevents Ethanol-Induced Gastric Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Histologic Changes.

is used in traditional Mexican medicine to treat gastrointestinal diseases. Therefore, a mixture of Kaempferol--sambubioside and Kaempferol--sophoroside (MaSS) isolated from flowers of this species was tested as a preventive treatment on gastric lesions induced with ethanol in rats. MaSS was obtained by chromatographic methods and administered by oral pathway to male Sprague Dawley rats with ethanol-induced gastric lesions.

Anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory effects of Baccharis conferta Kunth in a kaolin/carrageenan-induced monoarthritis model.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Popularly known as "escoba" (broom) or "escobilla china" (Chinese brush), Baccharis conferta Kunth (Asteraceae), is a plant widely used in Mexican folk medicine for alleviating muscular and rheumatic pain. A recent study described that dichloromethane extract as well as fractions and isolated compounds, possess anti-inflammatory activity in TPA-induced acute edema.

Aim Of The Study: Based on the popular medicinal uses of B.

In Vitro Bile Salt Hydrolase (BSH) Activity Screening of Different Probiotic Microorganisms.

Bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity in probiotic strains is usually correlated with the ability to lower serum cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic patients. The objective of this study was the evaluation of BSH in five probiotic strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and a probiotic yeast. The activity was assessed using a qualitative direct plate test and a quantitative high-performance thin- layer chromatography assay.

Synergism and Subadditivity of Verbascoside-Lignans and -Iridoids Binary Mixtures Isolated from Benth. on NF-κB/AP-1 Inhibition Activity.

Pharmacodynamic interactions between plant isolated compounds are important to understand the mode of action of an herbal extract to formulate or create better standardized extracts, phytomedicines, or phytopharmaceuticals. In this work, we propose binary mixtures using a leader compound to found pharmacodynamic interactions in inhibition of the NF-κB/AP-1 pathway using RAW-Blue™ cells. Eight compounds were isolated from , four were new furofuran-type lignans for the species magnolin, eudesmin, sesamin, and kobusin.

Gastroprotective activity of kaempferol glycosides from Malvaviscus arboreus Cav.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Malvaviscus arboreus is traditionally used in Mexico and Central America for culinary and medicinal purposes. Leaves and flowers of this species are commonly used for preparation of salads, herbal teas and herbal dyes. Panamanian, Guatemalan and Mexican healers use this medicinal plant for the management of fever, respiratory complications, dysentery, liver and gallbladder problems, stomachache and gastritis between other health troubles.

Influence of spermine and nitrogen deficiency on growth and secondary metabolites accumulation in Benth. cultured in a RITA temporary immersion system.

The effect of exogenous spermine (SPM) on shoots developing under nitrogen deficiency (ND) stress was evaluated. Shoots cultivated in a temporary immersion system were subjected to four experimental treatments: (1) control; (2) exogenous SPM; (3) ND; and (4) ND+SPM. Shoots were longer in the ND+SPM treatment (6.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors from Vahl.

Phytochemical research of the acetate and methanol extracts of the aerial parts (flowers, leaves and stems) of allowed to obtain seventeen known compounds (): three of them (), had already been described for this species, while the others () are described for the first time for S. elegans. All isolated compounds were characterized using spectroscopic techniques and mass spectrometry and were evaluated in the Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition model, where the phenolic compounds (, and ) had the same inhibitory effect as lisinopril at 0.

Effect of Terpenoids and Flavonoids Isolated from Kunth on TPA-Induced Ear Edema in Mice.

In this study, we isolated from the aerial parts of Kunth (i) a new neoclerodane, denominated "bacchofertone"; (ii) four known terpenes: schensianol A, bacchofertin, kingidiol and oleanolic acid; and (iii) two flavonoids: cirsimaritin and hispidulin. All structures were identified by an exhaustive analysis of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopy (MS). Extracts from aerial parts were screened for anti-inflammatory activity in the mice ear edema model of 12--tetradecanoylforbol-13-acetate mice.

Improving the production of podophyllotoxin in hairy roots of Hyptis suaveolens induced from regenerated plantlets.

Ten Hyptis suaveolens hairy root lines were established by infecting nodal explants with K599+pGus-GFP+ and ATCC15834+pTDT strains from Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Genetic transformation was confirmed by epifluorescence and plagiotropic hairy root growth in absence of growth regulators. Cytotoxicity was determined using the sulforhodamine B method, and the production of podophyllotoxin (PTOX) was measured by high performance thin layer chromatography scanning.

Glucoindole alkaloid accumulation induced by yeast extract in Uncaria tomentosa root cultures is involved in defense response.

Objective: To evaluate the induction of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIA) and phenolic compound production by yeast extract (YE) and its relationship with defense responses in Uncaria tomentosa (Rubiaceae) root cultures.

Results: Root cultures were elicited by YE at three concentrations. The 0.

In Vivo Gastroprotective and Antidepressant Effects of Iridoids, Verbascoside and Tenuifloroside from Benth.

Stress is an important factor in the etiology of some illnesses such as gastric ulcers and depression. Benth. (Orobanchaceae) is used in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases and nervous disorders.

A new furofuran lignan diglycoside and other secondary metabolites from the antidepressant extract of Castilleja tenuiflora Benth.

Castilleja tenuiflora has been used for the treatment of several Central Nervous System (CNS) diseases. Herein we report the antidepressant activity of the methanol extract from the leaves of this medicinal plant. The oral administration of MeOH extract (500 mg/kg) induced a significant (p < 0.

In vivo anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcerogenic activities of extracts from wild growing and in vitro plants of Castilleja tenuiflora Benth. (Orobanchaceae).

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Castilleja tenuiflora Benth. (Orobanchaceae) is a perennial shrub used since the 16(th) century in Mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of a number of health disorders including inflammation, stomach pain and tumors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcerogenic activities of ethyl acetate (EaE), methanol (ME) and aqueous extracts (AE) of Castilleja tenuiflora wild grown (CtW) and in vitro plants (CtIv).

Strictosidine-related enzymes involved in the alkaloid biosynthesis of Uncaria tomentosa root cultures grown under oxidative stress.

The activity and gene expression of strictosidine-related enzymes in Uncaria tomentosa root cultures exposed to oxidative stress were studied. Elicitation with 0.2 mM hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) or a combination of 0.

Hydrodynamic stress induces monoterpenoid oxindole alkaloid accumulation by Uncaria tomentosa (Willd) D. C. cell suspension cultures via oxidative burst.

Uncaria tomentosa cell suspension cultures were grown in a 2-L stirred tank bioreactor operating at a shear rate gamma(.)(avg)=86 s(-1). The cultures showed an early monophasic oxidative burst measured as H2O2 production (2.