Reference intervals for various measurements of canine left atrial size and function obtained using two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiography.

Background: Many canine cardiac diseases are associated with left atrial (LA) remodeling and decreased function. For accurate assessment of LA indices, large-scale and prospectively determined reference intervals are necessary.

Objectives: To generate reference intervals of LA size and function using two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiography.