A quantitative evaluation of the effect of meals on macular thickness in diabetic patients with diabetic macular edema.

Purpose: Central subfoveal thickness measurement is used in a large number of clinical trials to monitor the progression and treatment response of diabetic macular edema (DME) in patients of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Several studies have been carried out to investigate various factors affecting the central subfoveal thickness in order to minimize errors in the testing. We planned a study to investigate the effect of meals on central macular thickness (CMT) in patients with DME and compare that with nondiabetic patients.

Anterior scleral thickness in patients of central serous chorioretinopathy: A Case-control study.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine whether anterior scleral thickness (AST) varies significantly between patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) versus normal individuals. To validate scleral thickness measurements by ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) vis a vis anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT).

Methods: This case-control study analyzed 50 eyes of 50 patients with CSCR (cases) and compared it with that of 50 eyes of 50 age- and gender-matched controls.

To Study the Role of Serum Homocysteine Levels and Ocular Involvement in Retinal Vasculitis.

Idiopathic retinal vasculitis is a chronic disease of unknown aetiology which results in ocular morbidity in patients of productive age group. Homocysteine has been implicated in various ocular conditions like age-related macular degeneration, retinal vein occlusions, diabetic retinopathy, and optic nerve diseases. We conducted a study to investigate the relation between serum homocysteine levels and retinal vasculitis at a tertiary care centre in North India.

Changing patterns of posterior segment trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic: A regional analysis from the Bodhya Eye Consortium.

Purpose: To assess changes in the presentation patterns of posterior segment trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic from six tertiary eye care institutes of North and Central India.

Methods: A multicenter, hospital-based, retrospective comparative analysis of patients presenting with posterior segment trauma was done during the COVID-19 (Group A) (March 25, 2020 - September 30, 2020) period and the pre-COVID-19 (Group B) (March 25, 2019 - September 30, 2019) period.

Results: A total of 405 patients were diagnosed with posterior segment trauma (Group A: 206, Group B: 199).

Endogenous endophthalmitis secondary to : A rare presentation.

Burkholderia cepacia (previously known as Pseudomonas cepacia) is low virulent, gram negative bacilli, known to cause infections in immunocompromised hosts. There are reports about this organism causing keratitis, acute or delayed postoperative, or post traumatic endophthalmitis. Persistence of infection and poor visual outcome are well known complications of infection caused by this organism.

Slit-Lamp Infection Protector Cover for COVID-19.

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text.

Endothelial corneal transplants: indications, clinical profile and surgical outcomes in a tertiary care hospital.

Background: Endothelial keratoplasties have become the surgical procedure of choice over full thickness penetrating keratoplasty for corneal decompensation because of endothelial dysfunction.

Methods: A retrospective data review was performed from February 2016 to April 2017 for all the patients who underwent endothelial keratoplasty in a tertiary care center for Indian Armed Forces.

Results: A total of 161 corneal transplants were performed; endothelial keratoplasties accounted for 34 (21.

Evolving consensus on managing vitreo-retina and uvea practice in post-COVID-19 pandemic era.

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought new challenges to the health care community. Many of the super-speciality practices are planning to re-open after the lockdown is lifted. However there is lot of apprehension in everyone's mind about conforming practices that would safeguard the patients, ophthalmologists, healthcare workers as well as taking adequate care of the equipment to minimize the damage.

Management of Post-DALK Recipient Posterior Stromal Scarring: A Novel Approach.

Aim: Management of recipient posterior stromal scarring following deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) by a novel approach.

Methods: A side port knife bent at the tip is used to make a linear incision in the host posterior stroma. Plane between host posterior stroma and DALK tissue is separated using a reverse sinskey hook and multiple radial incisions are made using microvitroretinal scissors.

New use of a pupillary expansion ring to avoid intraoperative positive vitreous pressure during triple procedures.

Positive vitreous pressure can complicate cataract surgery during a triple procedure by inadvertently extending the capsulorhexis. This occurs because the procedure is open sky and positive vitreous pressure cannot be countered by injecting ophthalmic viscosurgical devices. We describe a new use of a pupillary expansion ring (Malyugin) to achieve a stable open anterior chamber under open sky during triple procedures.

A study on the contamination of injection bevacizumab on storage of multidose vials.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to establish the safety of storage and reuse of bevacizumab vials for 1 week with multiple vial punctures.

Methods: This was an experimental microbiological study conducted at tertiary care hospital. The study samples included bevacizumab vials that had been used for injecting patients by the pooling method.

Combined Ahmed valve and phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation under infliximab in refractory uveitic glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the outcome of combined Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) and phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation under infliximab in refractory uveitic glaucoma (UG).

Methods: In this prospective interventional case series, 26 eyes of 26 patients with refractory UG underwent surgery under intravenous infliximab. The success rate was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) 5 to 21 mm Hg with or without antiglaucoma medications (AGM), without additional glaucoma surgical intervention.

Endogenous Nocardial Endophthalmitis in an Immunosuppressed Patient: A Serious Warning of an Underlying Life Threatening and Blinding Disorder.

Purpose: To report a case of bilateral endogenous nocardial endophthalmitis with central nervous system involvement in an immunocompromised individual with an extremely poor outcome.

Case Report: A 35-year-old man with a history of long-term, prescribed oral steroid use for membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis presented with profound bilateral vision loss. Patient's diagnosis of bilateral endogenous nocardial endophthalmitis was delayed.

Anterior segment changes on ultrasound biomicroscopy after intravitreal anti vascular endothelial growth factor injection.

Background: Intravitreal injections are standard of care today and have the potential to change the anatomy of the anterior segment of the eye. This research was undertaken to evaluate the changes in anterior segment anatomy after intravitreal anti vascular endothelial growth factor (anti VEGF) injections.

Methods: We conducted a prospective interventional case series at a quaternary care center where patients undergoing intravitreal injection had pre and post injection ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement after intravitreal anti VEGF injection of 0.

Orbital apex osteodural fistula--An unusual surgical access.

Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are fistulas connecting the branches of dural arteries to dural veins or a venous sinus. Osteodural fistulas are a rare subset of this group of diseases. We wish to report a rare case of an osteodural arteriovenous fistula at the foot of the superior ophthalmic vein (SOV), treatment of which required an unusual surgical approach via the orbit and SOV.

Enterobacter endophthalmitis: clinicomicrobiologic profile and outcomes.

Purpose: To report the clinical presentations, antibiotic sensitivities, management, and outcomes of Enterobacter endophthalmitis.

Methods: This is a retrospective, consecutive, noncomparative, interventional case series. The medical records of culture-proven Enterobacter endophthalmitis cases from the endophthalmitis registry between January 1995 and March 2006 were reviewed.

Technical aspects of laser treatment for acute retinopathy of prematurity under topical anesthesia.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a significant cause of childhood blindness. The criteria for laser therapy have been revised from threshold ROP to include the earlier stage of high-risk prethreshold ROP. Laser photocoagulation is an established technique for the treatment of ROP.

AC/PC Intraocular Lens Exchange with Penetrating Keratoplasty in Pseudophakic Bullous Keratopathy.

Background: Evaluation of penetrating keratoplasty in cases of pseudophakic bullous keratopathy with AC/PC IOL exchange.

Methods: This retrospective study included 120 cases of pseudophakic bullous keratopathy managed over 9 years at three tertiary care eye centres followed up for 4 years. Cases were taken up for penetrating keratoplasty along within adjuvant procedures like IOL explantation and Secondary Posterior Chamber IOL implantation over the frill of posterior capsule.

PENETRATING KERATOPLASTY IN HIGH RISK CASES.

Penetrating Keratoplasty in high risk cases like paediatric patients, complicated cases of pseudophakic bullous keratopathy, or in patients with highly vascularized corneal opacities have been a challenge for opthalmologists because of the poor outcome. 101 patients with such high risk indications underwent penetrating keratoplasty. Some of them also underwent concurrent procedures like PC IOL implantation or vitrectomy.

A technique to prevent bleeding after Ross procedure.

From October 1993 through August 1994, 21 patients underwent Ross procedures. In the first 12 patients bleeding and/or sequelae resulted in three deaths. In the subsequent nine patients, we modified the technique to prevent bleeding from the raw area of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) without further mortality.

Surgical technique of multiple valve replacement with biological valves: a new option.

An eighteen-year-old male with rheumatic mitral and aortic regurgitation, and mixed tricuspid disease underwent surgery at our institution. Ross procedure, mitral homograft insertion and tricuspid valve repair was performed. We believe that this option is ideal for young patients with multivalvular disease.