[Measuring the effectiveness of different variants of tuberculosis control using simulation models].

Simulation and predictive models of tb epidemiological trends in the Czech Socialist Republic (CSR) for the 1949-2000 period were devised taking into account several variants of tb control measures. AZUMA'S simulation model from Japan was used as the basis for the mathematical processing and adapted in different parts to satisfy the conditions prevailing in the CSR. The initial conditions and parameters to go into the equations of the model were determined or estimated from statistical data for the whole of CSR or from the results of some of the more detailed partial studies.

Epidemiological study on non-tuberculous non-tumorous respiratory diseases in metropolitan population.

The occurrence of non-tuberculous non-tumorous respiratory diseases in children and in adults was investigated in a population of approximately 28 300 inhabitants from selected health communities of a Prague industrial district between October 1, 1976 and December 31, 1978. In the course of this period such a disease occurred once at least in 31% of the population. Of a total of 17 133 respiratory disease cases, acute upper respiratory infections occurred in 72.

[Models of tuberculosis control in countries with low tuberculosis prevalence].

To rationalize tuberculosis control in countries with low tuberculosis prevalence it is necessary to evaluate continuously some control measures and to propose suitable modifications. For years Czechoslovakia is taking part in the international research of methods of tuberculosis control; in compliance with the results of these studies its programme of tuberculosis control is being modified. Decision processes are more difficult, when measures till now applied should be limited or given up.

[The cooperation of pneumonologist and allergologist in the care of patients with bronchial asthma (author's transl)].

The initial manifestation of atopic bronchial asthma belongs in diagnostics and therapy into the field of the allergologist. But the services of the specialty tuberculosis and respiratory diseases can assist especially with hospital treatment in this care because the services for allergology in the policlinical departments for internal medicine and pediatrics do not dispose of bed capacities of their own. The cooperation of the specialty tuberculosis and respiratory diseases is appropriate in the dispensaire care and hospital treatment of asthmatics especially in those cases, when there is an infect-induced asthma, if any other respiratory diseases exist as complications of bronchial asthma or if disturbances of pulmonary function supervene.

The position of pneumology and physiology in the health care system of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic.

The medical specialization of "phtisiology" was extended to the specialization of "tuberculosis and respiratory diseases" (corresponding to the demonination of "pneumology and phtisiology") in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic in 1966. This branch is an additional specialization of the basic internal medicine. It provides preventive as well curative care for population of all age groups, as far as tuberculosis and increased risk of tuberculosis are concerned.

[Dispensary care of persons suffering from non-tuberculous respiratory diseases in czechoslovakia (author's transl)].

In Czechoslovakia phtisiology was enlarged into the specialization of tuberculosis and respiratory diseases by a decree of the Ministry of Health in 1966. The dispensary care of pneumophtisiological institutions aims--besides tuberculosis control--especially at the following groups of patients suffering from non-tuberculous respiratory diseases: 1. cases having tendency to deterioration or with a complicated course, 2.

[Case finding of bronchial carcinoma in Czechoslovakia (author's transl)].

In Czechoslovakia obligatory registration of all cases of cancer is introduced in 1953. In this paper are informed of the most important results of the analysis of indexes which were find out in the whole country, of the results of epidemic studies in Prag, and of the epidemic studies in the district of Kolín. From 1959 to 1975 the rate of bronchial carcinoma has increased in men from 47 to 86 of the male population, in women from 6 to 9 of the female population.

[Detection and dispensary care of groups of persons at increased risk of bronchogenic cancer disease in Czechoslovakia].

Epidemiological and clinical studies organized by the Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Research Institute, Prague, revealed that the main high-risk factors associated with the incidence of lung cancer in Czechoslovakia are as follows: are and sex, heavy cigarette smoking, persistent cough, expectoration and other symptoms of chronic respiratory disease, and lung lesions of tuberculosis or probably tuberculosis origin. The methods used in Czechoslovakia for lung cancer detection include photofluorography, which has been combined in some investigations with a standard questionnaire eliciting smoking habits and symptoms of respiratory disease. Cytological sputum investigation in suspicion to lung cancer was found to be a useful contribution to the diagnosis.

[Development of the tuberculosis situation in Czechoslovakia in 1966--1974 (author's transl)].

There were declining trends of main epidemiological indices of tuberculosis in Czechoslovakia from 1966 to 1974 (Fig. 1 and 2). The smallest average yearly decrease of 4.