Background: In orthodontic procedures, mini-implants are routinely used as temporary anchorage devices. Early failure is primarily attributed to a variety of issues, which are mostly connected to the quality and geometry of the screw that lead to insufficient primary stability.
Objectives: To evaluate the primary stability of different sizes and brands of orthodontic mini-implants by optimizing the insertion torque value (ITV) and to clear out which one has the greatest primary stability among the most widely used mini-implants by orthodontists.
Objectives: The present study aims to reveal the systemic effects of submucosal injection of plasma-rich platelets (PRP) on blood inflammatory markers which was used in an attempt to reduce the retraction time of the upper canine following extraction of upper maxillary premolars for patients with bimaxillary protrusion.
Hypothesis: No change on comparing the values of blood inflammatory markers before and after submucosal injection of PRP.
Methods: Eighteen female patients with bimaxillary protusion were selected from patients seeking orthodontic treatment from the College of Dentistry/University of Sulaimai, whose maxillary and mandibular first premolars were decided to be extracted after proper diagnosis.