Substance Use Disorders among Adolescents in the United States: 2000-2019.

Objectives: Substance use disorders (SUDs) are characterized by impairment caused by the recurrent use of alcohol, illicit drugs, or both. SUDs are pervasive and endemic among US adolescents, with potentially negative health and social consequences. Although the term normalizes adolescent substance abuse, the long-term consequences of this behavior beginning in adolescence can be detrimental to not only the adolescent but also the adult into which he or she develops.

Increasing Exercise Intensity: Teaching High-Intensity Interval Training to Individuals with Developmental Disabilities Using a Lottery Reinforcement System.

Rates of overweight and obesity are above 70% in typically developing adults in the United States, with higher rates observed in individuals diagnosed with developmental disability (DD). Lottery reinforcement systems have been validated as effective exercise interventions for individuals with DD. Although high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has demonstrated health benefits, it has not been studied using individuals within this population.

A fluorescent activatable probe for imaging intracellular Mg .

An activatable BODIPY probe for in vitro detection and fluorescence cell imaging of free Mg without interference from Ca is described. Fluorescence amplification of the probe is observed upon detection of physiological concentrations of Mg due to reduced rotation of the fluorophore and effective chelation by a quinolizine-based core.

Outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes infections linked to a pasteurized ice cream product served to hospitalized patients.

Two cases of hospital-acquired listeriosis were linked to a commercially produced, pasteurized ice cream mix. Manufacturers should implement safety measures from the Food Safety Modernization Act to minimize the risk of Listeria contamination. Dietary guidelines for persons at high risk of listeriosis may need revision to recognize the potential risk from pasteurized products.

Factors affecting the polarity and magnitude of photoresponse of transient photodetectors.

The addition of an insulating layer (I) between one of the metal electrodes (M) and the photoactive semiconducting layer (S) in a standard organic MSM solar cell architecture changes the DC photocurrent response into a strong transient signal. Such a device can, in simple terms, be thought of as a charging voltage source (S) in contact with a charging capacitor (I). The magnitude of the photocurrent signal can be strongly enhanced through the intimate contact of the active layer with the insulating layer, if the various pre-polarizations within the device act synergically.

Demographics and treatment of the American family.

There have been numerous changes to the US family over the past several decades. Traditional family roles have changed, and the conception of what Americans consider a 'family' has likewise shifted with differing societal views regarding gender, gender roles, race, and ethnicity. This review examines demographics of the American family as well as a number of family therapies that have been historically and are presently used to treat family problems.

Post-trauma administration of caffeine plus ethanol reduces contusion volume and improves working memory in rats.

It has been demonstrated that ethanol exerts dose-dependent effects, both beneficial and detrimental, on the outcome of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Recently, it has been reported that co-administration of caffeine (10 mg/kg) and a low amount of alcohol (0.65 g/kg; caffeinol) reduces cortical infarct volume up to 80%, and improves motor coordination, following a rodent model of reversible common carotid/middle cerebral artery occlusion.

Production of a healthy calf by somatic cell nuclear transfer without micromanipulators and carbon dioxide incubators using the Handmade Cloning (HMC) and the Submarine Incubation System (SIS).

The aim of this work was to investigate the minimum technical requirements for production of live offspring with somatic cell nuclear transfer. The experiment was performed in a field type laboratory without micromanipulators and carbon dioxide incubators. All long-term incubations were performed in the Submarine Incubation System (SIS) using various gas mixtures.

Glyceride stearic acid content and structure affect the energy available to growing rats.

To better understand the relative absorption of 18:0, specific structured triglycerides (STG) with varied ratios of 18:0 and short-chain organic acids (2:0, 3:0, 4:0) were compared with naturally occurring 18:0 in cocoa butter and to other mono- and diglycerides (DGs) containing 18:0. A bioassay for available fat energy was developed for growing Sprague-Dawley rats fed reduced energy from a control diet containing an American Heart Association (AHA) fat blend to generate 60 or 80% normal growth. The resulting standard growth curve was applied to the test fats, including cocoa butter and six glycerides, which were blended 3:1 with the AHA blend (to ensure EFA sufficiency) and pair-fed to match intake of control rats (AHA diet, 80% normal growth).

HEDIS, what is it? What does it mean to me? How does it affect my practice?

Collection of data to allow for fact based comparison of health coverage is needed. While the intent is commendable, one must contemplate how to deal with the stream of auditors coming into the office Another issue, proposed to be addressed in the 1996 version, is adjustment of the data for severity of illness. Physician-patient populations are not exactly alike and require severity adjustments to enable valid comparison.