Risk of lymphoproliferative disorders after bone marrow transplantation: a multi-institutional study.

We evaluated 18,014 patients who underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) at 235 centers worldwide to examine the incidence of and risk factors for posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD). PTLD developed in 78 recipients, with 64 cases occurring less than 1 year after transplantation. The cumulative incidence of PTLD was 1.

Temperatures on europa from galileo photopolarimeter-radiometer: nighttime thermal anomalies.

Galileo observations of Europa's thermal emission show low-latitude diurnal brightness temperatures in the range of 86 to 132 kelvin. Nighttime temperatures form an unexpected pattern, with high temperatures on the bright ejecta blanket of the crater Pwyll and an equatorial minimum in temperatures after sunset, uncorrelated with surface albedo or geology. The nighttime anomalies may be due to regional thermal inertia variations of an unknown origin, which are equivalent to a two- to threefold variation in thermal conductivity, or to endogenic heat fluxes locally reaching 1 watt per square meter.

Mortality after long-term exposure to radioactive Thorotrast: a forty-year follow-up survey in Sweden.

To evaluate temporal patterns of cause-specific mortality after long-term exposure to the alpha-particle-emitting contrast medium Thorotrast, we investigated a cohort consisting of 693 Swedish patients with neurological disorders who received Thorotrast during cerebral angiography, with follow-up ending in 1993. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated as the ratio of observed cases in the cohort to expected cases in the general population. Persons exposed to Thorotrast had significant excesses of all causes of death (SMR = 2.

Risk of leukemia after platinum-based chemotherapy for ovarian cancer.

Background: Platinum-based chemotherapy is the cornerstone of modern treatment for ovarian, testicular, and other cancers, but few investigations have quantified the late sequelae of such treatment.

Methods: We conducted a case-control study of secondary leukemia in a population-based cohort of 28,971 women in North America and Europe who had received a diagnosis of invasive ovarian cancer between 1980 and 1993. Leukemia developed after the administration of platinum-based therapy in 96 women.

p53 mutations in cyclophosphamide-associated bladder cancer.

Cyclophosphamide is a known bladder carcinogen, with cumulative dose directly related to increased risk. There is no consensus, however, on which major cyclophosphamide metabolite (i.e.

Information science for the future: an innovative nursing informatics curriculum.

Health care is increasingly driven by information, and consequently, patient care will demand effective management of information. The report of the Priority Expert Panel E: Nursing Informatics and Enhancing Clinical Care Through Nursing Informatics challenges faculty to produce baccalaureate graduates who use information technologies to improve the patient care process and change health care. The challenge is to construct an evolving nursing informatics curriculum to provide nursing professionals with the foundation for affecting health care delivery.

Waldenström's macroglobulinemia: incidence patterns in the United States, 1988-1994.

Background: There are few data describing the epidemiologic aspects of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM), a rare lymphoplasmaproliferative disorder.

Methods: The authors evaluated the incidence of WM reported in 11 population-based cancer registries in the U.S.

Risk of second malignant neoplasms among long-term survivors of testicular cancer.

Background: We have quantified the site-specific risk of second malignant neoplasms among nearly 29,000 survivors (> or = 1 year) of testicular cancer, taking into account the histologic type of initial cancer and the primary therapy used to treat it.

Methods: The study cohort consisted of 28,843 men identified within 16 population-based tumor registries in North America and Europe; over 3300 men had survived more than 20 years. New invasive cancers were identified through a search of registry files.

Cumulative genetic damage in hematopoietic stem cells in a patient with a 40-year exposure to alpha particles emitted by thorium dioxide.

Thorotrast, a colloidal suspension of the long-lived radionuclide, thorium-232, was widely used as a radiographic contrast medium for several decades. Due to the poor excretion of the sol, however, Thorotrast would deposit in the liver, bone marrow and other tissue, and patients would receive alpha-particle irradiation for life. To gauge the cumulative genetic damage to hematopoietic stem cells due to chronic exposure to alpha particles, we conducted a multi-end-point evaluation in a 72-year-old man who had been administered a 32-ml bolus of Thorotrast during cerebral angiography performed over 40 years ago in 1950.

Benzene and the dose-related incidence of hematologic neoplasms in China. Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine--National Cancer Institute Benzene Study Group.

Background: Benzene is a widely distributed environmental contaminant known to cause leukemia, particularly acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, and perhaps other hematologic neoplasms and disorders. Few epidemiologic studies, however, have been able to address relationships between the extent of benzene exposure and the level of risk.

Purpose: A large cohort study was carried out in China to evaluate the risks of developing specific hematologic neoplasms and selected related disorders in relationship to quantitative estimates of occupational benzene exposure.

Solid cancers after bone marrow transplantation.

Background: The late effects of bone marrow transplantation, including cancer, need to be determined in a large population at risk.

Methods: We studied 19,229 patients who received allogeneic transplants (97.2 percent) or syngeneic transplants (2.

Clinical features of hematopoietic malignancies and related disorders among benzene-exposed workers in China. Benzene Study Group.

Previous occupational cohort studies of benzene-exposed workers have for the most part used only death certificates to validate diagnoses of workers developing leukemia and other hematopoietic and lymphoproliferative malignancies and related disorders (HLD). In a follow-up study of 74,828 benzene-exposed workers and a comparison group of 35,805 nonexposed workers from 12 cities in China, we sought to characterized clinicopathologically and to confirm diagnoses of all cases of HLD. Using medical records, laboratory hematology results, and histopathology, U.

Mortality among benzene-exposed workers in China.

A large cohort of 74,828 benzene-exposed and 35,805 nonexposed workers employed between 1972 and 1987 in 12 cities in China was followed to determine mortality from all causes. Benzene-exposed study subjects were employed in a variety of occupations including coating applications, and rubber, chemical, and shoe production. Mortality was slightly increased among workers with greater cumulative exposure to benzene (ptrend < 0.

An expanded cohort study of cancer among benzene-exposed workers in China. Benzene Study Group.

An expanded cohort study of 74,828 benzene-exposed and 35,805 unexposed workers were followed during 1972 to 1987, based on a previous study in 12 cities in China. A small increase was observed in total cancer mortality among benzene-exposed compared with unexposed workers (relative risk [RR] = 1.2).

Scattering of light by polydisperse, randomly oriented, finite circular cylinders.

We use the T-matrix method, as described by Mishchenko [Appl. Opt. 32, 4652 (1993)], to compute rigorously light scattering by finite circular cylinders in random orientation.

Post-irradiation malignant mesothelioma.

Background: Approximately 30 patients with malignant mesothelioma following radiotherapy have been described. Population-based studies of this occurrence have not been reported.

Methods: Patients with malignant mesothelioma of the pleura were collected.

Second malignant neoplasms among long-term survivors of ovarian cancer.

Second malignant neoplasms were evaluated among 32,251 women with ovarian cancer, including 4,402 10-year survivors, within the nine population-based registries of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute (1973-1992) and the Connecticut Tumor Registry (1935-1972). Overall, 1,296 second cancers occurred against 1,014 expected [observed/expected (O/E), 1.28; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.

A cohort study of cancer among benzene-exposed workers in China: overall results.

A large cohort study of 74,828 benzene-exposed and 35,805 unexposed workers employed between 1972 and 1987 in 12 cities in China were followed to determine mortality from all causes and the incidence of lymphohematopoietic malignancies and other hematologic disorders. Benzene-exposed study subjects were employed in a variety of occupations, including painting, printing, and the manufacture of footwear, paint, and other chemicals. All-cause mortality was similar in the benzene-exposed and unexposed comparison group.

p53 mutations in lung cancer following radiation therapy for Hodgkin's disease.

High risks of lung cancer occur after successful treatment of Hodgkin's disease. In addition to tobacco smoking, other risk factors include radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunosuppression, although the relative contributions of each are unknown. We conducted p53 mutational spectrum analysis in second lung cancers after radiation therapy for Hodgkin's disease in the Netherlands and in Ontario, Canada.

Leukemia following low-dose total body irradiation and chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Purpose: Low-dose total body irradiation (TBI) is used to treat non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and several other malignancies. Large volumes of bone marrow and other tissue receive considerable exposure, but few studies have quantified late carcinogenic sequelae.

Patients And Methods: A cohort of 61 2-year survivors of NHL treated initially with low-dose TBI was monitored for second cancer occurrence.

Lung carcinoma and malignant mesothelioma in patients exposed to Thorotrast: incidence, histology and p53 status.

In a previous registry-based survey of 999 patients injected with alpha-emitting 232ThO2 (Thorotrast), we identified elevated risks for lung carcinoma and malignant mesothelioma. Since injected Thorotrast is retained lifelong mostly in liver, spleen and lymph nodes, the mesothelial surfaces of these organs are constantly irradiated. Thorotrast-administered patients also perpetually exhale 220Rn, a 232Th-daughter.

Scattering of light by bispheres with touching and separated components.

We use the T-matrix method as described by Mishchenko and Mackowski [Opt. Lett. 19, 1604 (1994)] to compute light scattering by bispheres in fixed and random orientations extensively.