Botulinum neurotoxin X lacks potency in mice and in human neurons.

Unlabelled: Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are a class of toxins produced by () and other species of . BoNT/X is a putative novel botulinum neurotoxin identified through genome sequencing and capable of SNARE cleavage, but its neurotoxic potential in humans and vertebrates remained unclear. The strain producing BoNT/X, Strain 111, encodes both a plasmid-borne as well as the chromosomal putative .

Endogenous CRISPR-Cas Systems in Group I and Do Not Directly Target the Botulinum Neurotoxin Gene Cluster.

Most strains of proteolytic group I (G1 ) and some strains of possess genes encoding botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT), a potent neuroparalytic agent. Within G1 , conserved gene clusters of three major toxin serotypes (/A/B/F) can be found on conjugative plasmids and/or within chromosomal pathogenicity islands. CRISPR-Cas systems enable site-specific targeting of previously encountered mobile genetic elements (MGE) such as plasmids and bacteriophage through the creation of a spacer library complementary to protospacers within the MGEs.

Bioinformatic discovery of a toxin family in Chryseobacterium piperi with sequence similarity to botulinum neurotoxins.

Clostridial neurotoxins (CNTs), which include botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) and tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT), are the most potent toxins known to science and are the causative agents of botulism and tetanus, respectively. The evolutionary origins of CNTs and their relationships to other proteins remains an intriguing question. Here we present a large-scale bioinformatic screen for putative toxin genes in all currently available genomes.

Closed Genome Sequence of Clostridium botulinum Strain CFSAN064329 (62A).

is a strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that produces botulinum neurotoxin, a potent and deadly proteinaceous exotoxin. strain CFSAN064329 (62A) produces an A1 serotype/subtype botulinum neurotoxin and is frequently utilized in food challenge and detection studies. We report here the closed genome sequence of strain CFSAN064329 (62A).

Closed Genome Sequence of Strain CTM/ATCC BAA-1782, a Gram-Negative Bacterium with Clostridial Neurotoxin-Like Coding Sequences.

Clostridial neurotoxins, including botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins, are among the deadliest known bacterial toxins. Until recently, the horizontal mobility of this toxin gene family appeared to be limited to the genus We report here the closed genome sequence of , a Gram-negative bacterium containing coding sequences with homology to clostridial neurotoxin family proteins.