Defaulting peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) orders to single lumen: A quality improvement initiative at a Midwestern academic center 2022-2023.

Defaulting the order for peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) placement to single lumen increased proportion of single-lumen insertions over total insertions from 42/126 (33%) to 57/104 (51)%. Single-lumen PICCs had a nonsignificant lower rate of central line-associated bloodstream infection compared to double-lumen PICCs.

Descriptive epidemiology of central line-associated bloodstream infections at an academic medical center in Iowa, 2019-2022.

Background: Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) increased nationally during the COVID-19 pandemic. We described CLABSIs at our institution during 2019 to 2022.

Methods: This retrospective observational study examined CLABSIs among adult inpatients at an 866-bed teaching hospital in the Midwest.

A longitudinal resource for studying connectome development and its psychiatric associations during childhood.

Most psychiatric disorders are chronic, associated with high levels of disability and distress, and present during pediatric development. Scientific innovation increasingly allows researchers to probe brain-behavior relationships in the developing human. As a result, ambitions to (1) establish normative pediatric brain development trajectories akin to growth curves, (2) characterize reliable metrics for distinguishing illness, and (3) develop clinically useful tools to assist in the diagnosis and management of mental health and learning disorders have gained significant momentum.

Measures Derived from Panoramic Ultrasonography and Animal-Based Protein Intake Are Related to Muscular Performance in Middle-Aged Adults.

Ultrasonography advantageously measures skeletal muscle size and quality, but some muscles may be too large to capture with standardized brightness mode (B-mode) imaging. Panoramic ultrasonography can capture more complete images and may more accurately measure muscle size. We investigated measurements made using panoramic compared to B-mode ultrasonography images of the rectus femoris with muscular performance.

What are the association patterns between handgrip strength and adverse health conditions? A topical review.

Measures of handgrip strength can be used to conveniently assess overall muscle strength capacity. Although stand-alone measures of handgrip strength provide robust health information, the clinical meaningfulness to determine prevention and treatment options for weakness remains limited because the etiology of muscle weakness remains unclear. Moreover, clinical outcomes associated with handgrip strength are wide-ranging.

Contribution of Protein Intake and Concurrent Exercise to Skeletal Muscle Quality with Aging.

Background: The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) derived functional cross-sectional area (FCSA) and intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) to define skeletal muscle quality is of fundamental importance in order to understand aging and inactivity-related loss of muscle mass.

Objectives: This study examined factors associated with lower-extremity skeletal muscle quality in healthy, younger, and middle-aged adults.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Neither a Multi-Ingredient Pre-Workout Supplement nor Caffeine Were Effective at Improving Markers of Blood Flow or Upper-Body Resistance Exercise Performance.

Few studies have measured the effects of multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements on blood flow or heart rate variability or have compared a multi-ingredient pre-workout supplement to a matched single ingredient. This study examined the effects of a multi-ingredient pre-workout supplement, an equivalent amount of caffeine, and placebo on markers of resistance training performance, blood flow, blood pressure, and heart rate variability. The study utilized a randomized, placebo-controlled, repeated-measures, crossover design.

Perceived Feasibility, Acceptability, and Cultural Adaptation for a Mental Health Intervention in Rural Haiti.

Mental healthcare is largely unavailable throughout Haiti, particularly in rural areas. The aim of the current study is to explore perceived feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of potential culturally adapted interventions to improve mental health among Haitian women. The study used focus group discussions (n = 12) to explore five potential interventions to promote mental health: individual counseling, income-generating skills training, peer support groups, reproductive health education, and couples' communication training.

Endothelial, Cardiovascular, and Performance Responses to L-Arginine Intake and Resistance Exercise.

The purpose of this study was to examine the acute endothelial, cardiovascular, and performance responses to L-arginine intake by assessing flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and various indicators (e.g., heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure, torque) both before and after resistance exercise.

Simulated Casualty Evacuation Performance Is Augmented by Deadlift Peak Force.

Introduction: The purpose of the current study was to examine if isometric peak force and rate of force development (RFD) were related to the ability to successfully perform a simulated casualty evacuation task in both unweighted and weighted conditions.

Methods: Eighteen male participants from Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) completed a maximum isometric deadlift on a force plate (IRB#HE16227). Isometric peak force and RFD were calculated from ground reaction force.

Identification of Human Toll-like Receptor 2-Agonistic Activity in Dihydropyridine-Quinolone Carboxamides.

Using a multiplexed, reporter gene-based, high-throughput screen, we identified 9-fluoro-7-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-oxo--(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,5-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinoline-6-carboxamide as a TLR2 agonist. Preliminary structure-activity relationship studies on the carboxamide moiety led to the identification of analogues that induce chemokines and cytokines in a TLR2-dependent manner. These results represent new leads for the development of vaccine adjuvants.

Hyaluronic Acid Conjugates of TLR7/8 Agonists for Targeted Delivery to Secondary Lymphoid Tissue.

Immunogens carried in lymphatic fluid drain via afferent vessels into regional lymph nodes and facilitate the efficient induction of appropriate immune responses. The lymphatic system possesses receptors recognizing hyaluronic acid (HA). Covalent conjugates of small-molecule TLR7/8 agonists with HA are entirely devoid of immunostimulatory activity in vitro.

Identification of High-Potency Human TLR8 and Dual TLR7/TLR8 Agonists in Pyrimidine-2,4-diamines.

The induction of toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)-dependent type I interferons (IFN-α/β) from plasmacytoid dendritic cells as well as the production of TLR8-dependent type II interferon (IFN-γ), TNF-α, and IL-12 in myeloid dendritic cells are of importance in generating T helper-1 biased adaptive immune responses. In an effort to identify novel dual TLR7/TLR8-active compounds, we undertook structure-activity relationship studies in pyrimidine 2,4-diamines, focusing on substituents at C5. Several analogues substituted with aminopropyl appendages at C5 displayed dominant TLR8-agonistic activity.

The real-time fMRI neurofeedback based stratification of Default Network Regulation Neuroimaging data repository.

This data descriptor describes a repository of openly shared data from an experiment to assess inter-individual differences in default mode network (DMN) activity. This repository includes cross-sectional functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from the Multi Source Interference Task, to assess DMN deactivation, the Moral Dilemma Task, to assess DMN activation, a resting state fMRI scan, and a DMN neurofeedback paradigm, to assess DMN modulation, along with accompanying behavioral and cognitive measures. We report technical validation from n=125 participants of the final targeted sample of 180 participants.

Human Toll-like Receptor (TLR) 8-Specific Agonistic Activity in Substituted Pyrimidine-2,4-diamines.

Activation of human toll-like receptor-8 (TLR8) evokes a distinct cytokine profile favoring the generation of Type 1 helper T cells. A multiplexed high-throughput screen had led to the identification of N(4)-butyl-5-iodo-6-methylpyrimidine-2,4-diamine as a pure TLR8 agonist, and a detailed structure-activity relationship study of this chemotype was undertaken. A butyl substituent at N(4) was optimal, and replacement of the 5-iodo group with chloro, bromo, or fluoro groups led to losses in potency, as did the introduction of aromatic bulk.

Substance Dependence Severity Scale: reliability and validity for ICD-10 substance use disorders.

The Substance Dependence Severity Scale (SDSS) is a semistructured interview that assesses the severity of the DSM-IV diagnoses of dependence and abuse and the ICD-10 diagnoses of substance dependence and harmful use across a wide range of substances. Previous research has demonstrated that the SDSS' DSM-IV dependence scales are reliable and valid indicators of diagnostic severity. However, the ICD-10 scales have not been psychometrically tested.

Substance Dependence Severity Scale (SDSS): reliability and validity of a clinician-administered interview for DSM-IV substance use disorders.

No existing diagnostic interview assesses severity of dependence based on DSM-IV criteria across a range of substances. The Substance Dependence Severity Scale (SDSS) was designed to serve this purpose, consisting of substance-specific scales of both severity and frequency of DSM-IV criteria. This study investigated the reliability and validity of the SDSS.

Motility potential of macaque epididymal sperm: the role of protein phosphatase and glycogen synthase kinase-3 activities.

Human and monkey ejaculated sperm contain protein phosphatase-1 (PP1), PP1 inhibitor 2 (12), and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). Inhibition of ejaculated human sperm protein phosphatase (PP) activity with calyculin-a (CL-A) significantly stimulates motility, implicating protein dephosphorylation in motility regulation. The present experiments were conducted to characterize and compare PP and GSK-3 activity in monkey caput and caudal epididymal sperm, to determine the cellular distribution of these enzymes, and to test the thesis that epididymal sperm PP activity is inversely related to motility.

Psychiatric research interview for substance and mental disorders: phenomenologically based diagnosis in patients who abuse alcohol or drugs.

The Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders (PRISM) is a psychiatric diagnostic interview designed to diagnose DSM-IV substance and mental disorders in patients who abuse alcohol or drugs. Primary disorders tested in the DSM-III-R version of the interview showed improved reliability over existing instruments, and substantially improved reliability for major depressive disorder (MDD). Developments for DSM-IV include a systematic set of procedures for differentiating primary disorders, substance-induced disorders, and the expected effects of intoxication and withdrawal based on the phenomenology of symptoms in conjunction with alcohol and drug use.

A tyrosine-phosphorylated 55-kilodalton motility-associated bovine sperm protein is regulated by cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphates and calcium.

Sperm motility is regulated by protein phosphorylation. We have recently shown that a serine/threonine phosphatase system is involved in motility regulation. Two of the components of the phosphatase system, GSK-3 and PP1gamma2, are regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation.

Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders (PRISM): reliability for substance abusers.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability of a new semistructured diagnostic interview, the Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders (PRISM), for substance-abusing patients. The reliability of psychiatric diagnoses for individuals who drink heavily or use drugs has been shown to be problematic. The PRISM was designed to improve the reliability for such individuals.

Primate sperm contain protein phosphatase 1, a biochemical mediator of motility.

Sperm motility initiation, capacitation, and hyperactivation are modulated by an interplay of intracellular Ca2+, cAMP, and pH. Mechanisms by which these mediators alter sperm function have not been elucidated but may involve reversible alterations in regulatory protein phosphorylation. Studies were designed 1) to investigate the influence of the protein phosphatase (PP) inhibitor calyculin A (CA) on human sperm motility and 2) to characterize the CA-sensitive PP and its endogenous regulators in human and rhesus monkey sperm.

Sperm motility development in the epididymis is associated with decreased glycogen synthase kinase-3 and protein phosphatase 1 activity.

Immotile bovine caput epididymal sperm contain levels of protein phosphatase activity twofold higher than do mature motile caudal sperm. Comparison of the inhibition profiles of endogenous phosphatase activities detected by okadaic acid (OA) and calyculin A (CA) revealed a pattern consistent with the predominance of a type 1 protein phosphatase (PP1). Immunoblot analysis identified PP1 gamma 2 (the testis-specific isoform of PP1) as the only PP1 isoform in sperm and showed little protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A).