[Results of a functional magnetic resonance study of the primary auditory cortex (I): general characteristics and individual outcomes].

Objective: To demonstrate and investigate the activation patterns of the primary auditory cortex (Heschl's gyrus) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Material And Methods: Pure tone stimuli at 750 Hz and 2000 Hz were delivered to the right and left ear of 32 normal-hearing volunteers (18-49 years old) in 20-second on-off cycles. The fMRI data were obtained using a 1.

Activation patterns of the primary auditory cortex in normal-hearing subjects: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

Conclusions: These results demonstrate that functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an optimal tool to investigate the auditory cortex. The study suggests that there is a medio-lateral gradient of responsiveness to high frequencies medially and low frequencies laterally. The contralateral auditory cortex is more responsive than the ipsilateral cortex to tones presented monaurally.

Epiglottitis and necrotizing fasciitis: a life-threatening complication of infectious mononucleosis.

Life-threatening cervical complications associated with infectious mononucleosis are rare. The combination of acute epiglottitis and subsequent necrotizing fasciitis of the head and neck in a patient with infectious mononucleosis has not been reported to date.A 47-year-old female with infectious mononucleosis and epiglottitis was admitted to hospital for i.

Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour of the left maxillary sinus.

Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumours (pPNETs) are highly malignant, small-cell neoplasms found mainly in children and young adults. Recent advances in immunohistochemistry and genetic typing have led to reports of a close relationship between pPNET and the previously difficult-to-classify Ewing's sarcoma. We report a case of pPNET involving the left maxillary sinus in a 23-year-old female who presented with a 2-month history of unilateral left-sided nasal obstruction, rhinorrhoea and recurrent bloody nasal discharge.

[Laryngeal rhabdomyoma: unusual case of dysphonia. Review of the literature].

Rhabdomyomas of the larynx are extremely rare benign tumors. Only 25 have been well documented until now. These tumors display a low growing pattern.

[Metastasis of systemic origin in otorhinolaryngology].

Introduction: In the upper respiratory-digestive tract cancer is always primary. Such cancer is very common, but other extremely rare secondary cancers may be found.

Development: We studied our own patients and some published in the literature: cancer of the kidney with metastases in the paranasal sinuses and cancer of the breast metastasizing to the temporal bone.

[Single fibrous tumor of the parapharyngeal space].

A solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) of the parapharyngeal space presented with local symptoms (hearing loss, nasal obstruction, and paralysis of the soft palate and tongue). SFT, originally described as a mesothelial tumor of the pleura, now is recognized as a mesenchymal tumor that occurs in different locations. In the head and neck region, about 50 cases have been reported.

[Ethmoidal metastasis of renal adenocarcinoma].

The sinonasal tract and, more specifically, the ethmoid sinus, are uncommon sites for metastatic tumors. Fewer than 100 cases have been reported in the world literature. We report the case of a 65-year-ol woman who underwent nephrectomy and adrenalectomy for renal cell carcinoma (hypernephroma) with adrenal metastasis.

Acoustic analysis after radiotherapy in T1 vocal cord carcinoma: a new approach to the analysis of voice quality.

Purpose: The study of acoustic voice parameters (fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer, and harmonics-to-noise ratio) in extended vowel production, oral reading of a standard paragraph, spontaneous speech and a song in irradiated patients for Tis-T1 vocal cord carcinoma.

Methods And Materials: Eighteen male patients irradiated for Tis-T1 vocal cord carcinoma and a control group of 31 nonirradiated subjects of the same age were included in a study of acoustic voice analysis. The control group had been rigorously selected for voice quality and the irradiated group had previous history of smoking in two-thirds of the cases and a vocal cord biopsy.

[Secondary brain herniation. A case report].

A 47-year-old woman with left temporal bone herniation had a history of treatment of chronic cholesteatomatous otitis media. After clinical and radiological diagnosis, the defect was repaired using a middle fossa craniotomy approach and a Vicryl-collagen(R) plate. There were no postoperative surgical complications and the repair was successful.

[Cerebral abscess of otogenic origin located simultaneously in the temporal and cerebellar regions].

A 28-year-old male was seen for chronic left ear disease. A brain abscess appeared in the left temporal lobe and later spread to the cerebellum. Diagnosis was clinical and radiological.

[Endoscopic approach to the treatment of subperiosteal orbital abscess].

The treatment of orbital complications of nasosinusal processes has seen numerous modifications. Traditionally, cases with purulent collections were treated by external drainage. Currently, the introduction of new optical systems allows such complications to be approached from within the nasal cavity.

p21WAF1/Cip1 expression is associated with cell differentiation but not with p53 mutations in squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx.

p21WAF1/Cip1 is a recently identified gene involved in cell cycle regulation through cyclin-CDK-complex inhibition. The expression of this gene in several cell lines seems to be induced by wild-type, but not mutant, p53. p21WAF1/Cip1 expression has been studied at both mRNA and protein levels in a series of 49 normal mucosae and squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx.

Effects of anesthetic technique on the hemodynamic response to microlaryngeal surgery.

Our aim was to study the attenuation of the hemodynamic response to microlaryngeal surgery by beta-blocking agents used as support drugs to the anesthetic technique. The study was carried out in 30 patients randomly allocated to one of three groups. The control group received only anesthetic drugs.

p16MTS1/CDK4I mutations and concomitant loss of heterozygosity at 9p21-23 are frequent events in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx.

We have examined the presence of p16MTS1/CDK4I gene deletions, mutations and methylation status, and 9p21-23 deletions in a series of 46 squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx and paired normal mucosa previously characterized for cyclin D1 gene amplification and overexpression. pRb expression was also examined by immunohistochemistry. p16MTS1/CDK4I mutations were found in 10/46 (22%) carcinomas and hypermethylation in 2/31 (7%).

Hyperplastic lesions of the larynx. Experience of the Barcelona group.

Squamous carcinoma of the larynx arises from pre-existing lesions, the so-called "preneoplastic lesions". Hyperplastic lesions represent a part of their spectrum, from both clinical and biological points of view. On morphologic grounds, the most characteristic feature with prognostic value in the evaluation of preneoplastic lesions is dysplasia.

[Phyolaryngocele: a case report and review of literature].

A case of pyolaryngocele presented as a lateral cervical mass that produced acute dyspnea requiring tracheotomy. The diagnosis was by direct laryngoscopy, which revealed outflow of purulent material with pressure on the tumor, and was confirmed by CT. Broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment was given and the pyolaryngocele was excised by lateral extramucosal tyrotomy.

Follow-up study in head and neck cancer: cure rate according to tumor location and stage.

The purpose of this clinical study was to analyze a long-term follow-up of all the patients with head and neck cancer in our institution. Between 1973 and 1993, 1,355 consecutive cases of head and neck cancerwere diagnosed, treated and followed up regularly. All were subjected to a multidisciplinary approach, and followed up until death or for 10 years with no event of disease.

[Equilibrium and auditory disorders in patients affected by HIV-1].

It is thought that about 10% of the patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have otoneurological symptoms, although up to 41% of these patients have general otorhinolaryngological symptoms. The otological changes may be divided into those of balance and those of hearing, to improve classification, although these symptoms are often to be found together in the same patient. We studied 30 seropositive patients with stage II and stage III disease, carrying out studies of oculomotricity, electronystagmography and audiometry (both conventional and high frequency).

Radiotherapy in the maxillary hemangioma.

We present the case of a large maxillary hemangioma treated by radiotherapy. Only 4 cases managed by radiotherapy have been reported in the literature, and most authors negate the radiosensitivity of the tumor. In our patient, the outcome was excellent; by 6 months tumor reduction was more than 50%.

[Surgical multiple level reconstruction of the upper airways for treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. Two clinical cases].

Techniques for surgical correction of the soft palate are used commonly to treat obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), but a satisfactory cure cannot be ensured because such techniques usually involve localized correction of the upper airways (UA) whereas UA collapse during sleep involves the entire length. The development of correction techniques for the entire extension of the UA may help to solve this problem. We report the first two cases of multilevel UA surgical reconstruction in OSAS performed in Spain.

[Topographic diagnosis of hearing loss in patients with ischemic heart disease. Use of high-rate brain stem evoked response audiometry].

Hearing loss in patients with ischemic heart disease traditionally has been attributed to atheromatous cerebral vascular disease. In this study, the site of the auditory lesion was sought in patients with ischemic heart disease and perceptive hearing loss. Standard brainstem evoked response audiometry (BSER) with increased stimulation rate (ISR) were performed.

[Prospective double-blind randomized study of the efficacy and tolerance of topical ciprofloxacin vs topical gentamicin in the treatment of simple chronic otitis media and diffuse external otitis].

A prospective, randomized double-blind study was made of topical ciprofloxacillin (0.5%) compared with topical gentamicin (0.3%) in the treatment of simple chronic otitis media (COM) and diffuse external otitis (DEO).

Myoepithelial tumors of salivary glands: a clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and flow-cytometric study.

Myoepitheliomas of the salivary glands remain a controversial entity. To contribute to the knowledge of this entity, 16 myoepithelial tumors of the salivary glands were studied: 12 benign myoepitheliomas (BME) and 4 malignant myoepitheliomas (MME). The clinical and the histologic findings of each case were studied Immunohistochemistry and flow-cytometry analysis were performed from the paraffin-embedded material in 15 cases.

Survival after chemotherapy with cisplatin and infusion of bleomycin prior to local-regional treatment in pyriform sinus cancer.

Aims And Background: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively compare different approaches including neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Methods: Ninety-six consecutive patients with pyriform sinus squamous cell carcinoma with no distant metastases were entered. The first 48 patients were treated with surgery plus postoperative radiation therapy (50-60 Gy) over cervical lymphatics.