Re-examination of the Southern Hemisphere truffle genus () and characterization of the sister genus gen. nov.

is a genus of ectomycorrhizal truffles within that is known from Australia and contains only two described species, and . Species of are closely related to truffles (, ) and cup fungi () from the Northern Hemisphere. Here we reevaluate the species diversity of and related taxa from southern South America and Australia based on new morphological and molecular data.

New and Interesting Fungi. 5.

Nine new genera, 17 new species, nine new combinations, seven epitypes, three lectotypes, one neotype, and 14 interesting new host and / or geographical records are introduced in this study. New genera: (based on ), (based on ), (based on ), (based on ), (based on ), (based on ), (based on ), (based on ), (based on ). New species: (on leaves of , Belgium), (on leaves of , Colombia), (on twigs of , Colombia), (on dead leaves of subsp supporting , Australia), (on leaves of , South Africa), (on , Netherlands), (on leaves of sp.

Mammalian mycophagy: A global review of ecosystem interactions between mammals and fungi.

The consumption of fungi by animals is a significant trophic interaction in most terrestrial ecosystems, yet the role mammals play in these associations has been incompletely studied. In this review, we compile 1 154 references published over the last 146 years and provide the first comprehensive global review of mammal species known to eat fungi (508 species in 15 orders). We review experimental studies that found viable fungal inoculum in the scats of at least 40 mammal species, including spores from at least 58 mycorrhizal fungal species that remained viable after ingestion by mammals.

Greetings from belowground: two new species of truffles in the genus (Pezizaceae, Pezizales) from México.

is a lineage of ectomycorrhizal, hypogeous, sequestrate ascomycete fungi native to temperate and subtropical forests in the Northern Hemisphere. species form ectomycorrhizae mainly with Fagales hosts. Here we describe two new species of , , and , based on morphological and phylogenetic analysis.

Greenhouse gas fluxes from turfgrass systems: Species, growth rate, clipping management, and environmental effects.

Turfgrass systems can be an important source or sink for greenhouse gases (GHG), including carbon dioxide (CO ), nitrous oxide (N O), and methane (CH ). Further research is required in turfgrass systems; therefore, our objectives were to evaluate the effects of turfgrass species, growth rate, clipping management, and environmental conditions on GHG emissions. Greenhouse gas fluxes were measured in two separate field experiments in West Lafayette, IN.

Resurrecting the genus : Systematic study of fungi in the genera and () with the description of three new South American species.

Molecular phylogenetic analyses have addressed the systematic position of several major Northern Hemisphere lineages of but the taxa of the Southern Hemisphere remain understudied. This study focuses on the molecular systematics and taxonomy of Southern Hemisphere species currently treated in the genera and . Species in these genera have been identified as the monophyletic /gymnohydnotrya lineage, but no further research has been conducted to determine the evolutionary origin of this lineage or its relationship with other lineages.

Discovery of Roblitinib (FGF401) as a Reversible-Covalent Inhibitor of the Kinase Activity of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4.

FGF19 signaling through the FGFR4/β-klotho receptor complex has been shown to be a key driver of growth and survival in a subset of hepatocellular carcinomas, making selective FGFR4 inhibition an attractive treatment opportunity. A kinome-wide sequence alignment highlighted a poorly conserved cysteine residue within the FGFR4 ATP-binding site at position 552, two positions beyond the gate-keeper residue. Several strategies for targeting this cysteine to identify FGFR4 selective inhibitor starting points are summarized which made use of both rational and unbiased screening approaches.

, a new spiny-spored truffle species from the Pacific Northwest, USA.

a new truffle species known only from the Pacific Northwest, USA, is distinguished by spiny, non-reticulate spores and a two-layered peridium - the outermost layer (pellis) consists of inflated, globose to subpolygonal cells and the inner (subpellis) of narrow hyphae. ITS sequence analyses show that it has phylogenetic affinity to other species in the Rufum clade. The only other members of the Rufum clade with a strongly developed peridiopellis of large, inflated cells are the southern European and and the northern Mexican .

The new truffle genus and a new species of from semiarid grasslands of Hungary.

Truffles with distinct morphological and anatomical features were collected during a study of hypogeous fungi of semiarid sandy grasslands of the Great Hungarian Plain in Hungary, representing the westernmost localities of the Eurasian steppe belt. None of the ascomata were collected near ectomycorrhizal plant species, and none were identified as ectomycorrhizal during previous surveys in the collection area. We studied morphoanatomical characteristics of these truffles with light and scanning electron microscopy and investigated their phylogenetic positions based on analyses of different nuclear loci.

Promiscuity analysis of a kinase panel screen with designated p38 alpha inhibitors.

Protein phosphorylation by kinases is of critical importance for the regulation of many cellular functions. When kinases are deregulated numerous biological processes are affected, which may cause a variety of diseases. Therefore, kinase inhibition plays an important role for therapeutic intervention.

A high-throughput screening for inhibitors of riboflavin synthase identifies novel antimicrobial compounds to treat brucellosis.

Brucella spp. are pathogenic intracellular Gram-negative bacteria adapted to life within cells of several mammals, including humans. These bacteria are the causative agent of brucellosis, one of the zoonotic infections with the highest incidence in the world and for which a human vaccine is still unavailable.

Erratum to: A worldwide nomenclature revision of sequestrate species: FUSE 1: 229-242 (2018). doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2018.01.10.

Two corrections are needed to our revision of sequestrate nomenclature (Elliott & Trappe 2018). Decisions are based on the (Turland . 2018), hereafter referred to as the "e".

(Sequestrate , ) in western North America.

, a hypogeous, sequestrate genus in the , has been characterized variously as having three to eight species in North America, and these have been considered either different from or conspecific with European species. No available modern systematic treatment of exists to allow for accurate identification at the species level. We sequenced DNA from recent western North American collections, assessed relationships by sequence similarity, and identified molecular taxonomic units.

Description and distribution of sp. nov. and in the Transmexican Volcanic Belt.

The genus is a lineage of diverse ectomycorrhizal, hypogeous, sequestrate ascomycete fungi that are native to temperate forests in the Northern Hemisphere. Recently, many new species of have been described in North America and Asia, based on morphological characteristics and molecular data. Here we describe and illustrate a new species, , based upon phylogenetic analysis and morphological description.

Crested porcupines (Hystrix cristata): mycophagist spore dispersers of the ectomycorrhizal truffle Tuber aestivum.

Truffles, as hypogeous, ectomycorrhizal fungi, have no means to actively discharge spores into the environment and thus depend on mycophagists for spore dispersal. After consumption of fruiting bodies by animals and passage through the digestive tract, the spores are released in faecal pellets. Recently, in the Abruzzo region (Italy), Hystrix cristata has been spotted inside private truffières, but its role in spore dispersal has never been investigated.

Three new black (, , ) from eastern North America with notes on selected European species.

We describe three new species of from eastern North America. Of the three, is the rarest, known only from North Carolina and South Carolina, and appears to associate primarily with ectomycorrhizal hardwoods but possibly also with conifers. is widely distributed but disjunct from Florida, Mississippi, and North Carolina.

A worldwide nomenclature revision of sequestrate species.

Before the application of molecular techniques, evolutionary relationships between sequestrate genera and their epigeous counterparts in the were unclear. Based on overwhelming evidence now available, personal observations, and consideration of the International Code for Nomenclature of Algae, Fungi and Plants, we combine the overlapping sequestrate generic names , , , , and with the agaricoid genus . This nomenclatural action follows precedents set by earlier mycologists and continues an effort to create clarity in our understanding of the evolutionary affiliations among sequestrate fungi - particularly the .

Approaches to selective fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 inhibition through targeting the ATP-pocket middle-hinge region.

A diverse range of selective FGFR4 inhibitor hit series were identified using unbiased screening approaches and by the modification of known kinase inhibitor scaffolds. In each case the origin of the selectivity was consistent with an interaction with a poorly conserved cysteine residue within the middle-hinge region of the kinase domain of FGFR4, at position 552. Targeting this region identified a non-covalent diaminopyrimidine series differentiating by size, an irreversible-covalent inhibitor in which Cys552 undergoes an SNAr reaction with a 2-chloropyridine, and a reversible-covalent inhibitor series in which Cys552 forms a hemithioacetal adduct with a 2-formyl naphthalene.

A molecular and morphological re-examination of the generic limits of truffles in the tarzetta-geopyxis lineage - Densocarpa, Hydnocystis, and Paurocotylis.

Truffle species within the /tarzetta-geopyxis lineage share smooth, globose, hyaline spores, but differ in the amount of convolution of hymenia in ascomata. The relationships among truffle species in this lineage have historically been confused. Phylogenetic analyses of the ITS and 28S nuclear ribosomal DNA from recently collected members of the /tarzetta-geopyxis lineage from Asia, Austral Asia, North America, and South America prompted a reinvestigation of species and generic limits in the truffle genera Hydnocystis, Paurocotylis, and Stephensia.

Phylogenetic overview of the genus Genea (Pezizales, Ascomycota) with an emphasis on European taxa.

We constructed a comprehensive phylogeny of the genus Genea, with new molecular data from samples collected in several countries in temperate and Mediterranean Europe, as well as North America. Type specimens and authentic material of most species were examined to support identifications. The molecular identity of the most common species in Genea was compared with nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS), D1-D2 domains of 28S nuc rDNA (28S rDNA) and translation elongation factor 1-α ene (TEF1) profiles of 10 recently proposed taxa, G.

Identification and optimisation of a 4',5-bisthiazole series of selective phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase alpha inhibitors.

Exploring the affinity-pocket binding moiety of a 2-aminothiazole (S)-proline-amide-urea series of selective PI3Kα inhibitors using a parallel-synthesis approach led to the identification of a novel 4',5-bisthiazole sub-series. The synthesis and optimisation of both the affinity pocket and (S)-proline amide moieties within this 4',5-bisthiazole sub-series are described. From this work a number of analogues, including 14 (A66) and 24, were identified as potent and selective PI3Kα inhibitor in vitro tool compounds.

Australasian Sequestrate Fungi 19: Hysterangium colossum sp. nov.

Hysterangium colossum sp. nov., with extraordinarily large basidiomata for the genus, is described from dry Eucalyptus woodlands in the Australian Capital Territory and southeastern New South Wales.