Safety and efficacy of the blood-stage malaria vaccine RH5.1/Matrix-M in Burkina Faso: interim results of a double-blind, randomised, controlled, phase 2b trial in children.

Background: Two pre-erythrocytic vaccines (R21/Matrix-M and RTS,S/AS01) are now approved for Plasmodium falciparum malaria. However, neither induces blood-stage immunity against parasites that break through from the liver. RH5.

Effects of gestational age on blood cortisol and prolactin levels during pregnancy in malaria endemic area.

Background: The hormonal shift occurring in pregnant women is crucial for the outcome of pregnancy. We conducted a study in pregnant women living in a malaria endemic area to determine the potential effect of gestational age on the modulation of the endocrine system by cortisol and prolactin production during pregnancy.

Methods: Primigravidae and multigravidae with a gestational age between 16-20 weeks were included in the study and followed up to delivery and 6-7 weeks thereafter.

Willingness of West African Consumers to Buy Food Produced Using Black Soldier Fly Larvae and Frass.

The use of black soldier fly (BSF) larvae and frass in agriculture can make an important contribution to food and nutrition security. However, it is important to understand whether consumers are willing to consume food products resulting from the use of BSF larvae as animal feed or BSF frass as fertilizer. This study employed the stated preference approach as food products produced using BSF larvae and frass are not currently available on the market.

The public health impact and cost-effectiveness of the R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine: a mathematical modelling study.

Background: The R21/Matrix-M vaccine has demonstrated high efficacy against Plasmodium falciparum clinical malaria in children in sub-Saharan Africa. Using trial data, we aimed to estimate the public health impact and cost-effectiveness of vaccine introduction across sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods: We fitted a semi-mechanistic model of the relationship between anti-circumsporozoite protein antibody titres and vaccine efficacy to data from 3 years of follow-up in the phase 2b trial of R21/Matrix-M in Nanoro, Burkina Faso.

Transfer of Bisphenol A and Trace Metals from Plastic Packaging to Mineral Water in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

The consumption of packaged water is growing rapidly in both urban and rural centres in Burkina Faso. Bisphenol A (BPA) and trace metals are among the compounds used in the manufacture of plastic packaging, and their presence in water can pose a health risk to consumers due to their alleged toxicity. Therefore, this study explores the transfer of these compounds from plastic packaging to mineral water in Sudano-Sahelian climatic conditions.

Clinical practice recommendations for nurse-administered intramuscular injections in mental health: A modified Delphi study.

Aim: To develop clinical practice recommendations for nurse-administered intramuscular injections in mental health.

Background: Intramuscular injection is the main route of long-acting injectable antipsychotics' administration that appear to improve the long-term prognosis of mental illness. Specific guidelines related to the nurse administration of intramuscular injections need to be updated and to explore not only the technical aspects of this procedure.

Intermediate hepatitis B virus infection prevalence among 1622 pregnant women in rural Burkina Faso and implications for mother-to-child transmission.

In highly endemic countries for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, childhood infection, including mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), represents the primary transmission route. High maternal DNA level (viral load ≥ 200,000 IU/mL) is a significant factor for MTCT. We investigated the prevalence of HBsAg, HBeAg, and high HBV DNA among pregnant women in three hospitals in Burkina Faso and assessed the performance of HBeAg to predict high viral load.

Moving from assessments to implementation: promising practices for strengthening multisectoral antimicrobial resistance containment capacity.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a global threat to human, animal, and environmental health. AMR is a technical area in the Global Health Security Agenda initiative which uses the Joint External Evaluation tool to evaluate national AMR containment capacity. This paper describes four promising practices for strengthening national antimicrobial resistance containment capacity based on the experiences of the US Agency for International Development's Medicines, Technologies, and Pharmaceutical Services Program work with 13 countries to implement their national action plans on AMR in the areas of multisectoral coordination, infection prevention and control, and antimicrobial stewardship.

Efficacy and immunogenicity of R21/Matrix-M vaccine against clinical malaria after 2 years' follow-up in children in Burkina Faso: a phase 1/2b randomised controlled trial.

Background: Malaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. We previously reported the efficacy of the R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine, which reached the WHO-specified goal of 75% or greater efficacy over 12 months in the target population of African children. Here, we report the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy results at 12 months following administration of a booster vaccination.

[Epidemiological and tomodensitometric aspects of post-traumatic maxillofacial fractures in Mopti, Mali].

Introduction: facial injuries are a public health problem, both physically and psychologically, characterized by a variety of injuries and sometimes by severe esthetic or functional sequelae. The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiological and tomodensitometric aspects of maxillofacial fractures in Mopti.

Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional and descriptive study in the Department of Radiology of the Mopti Hospital from January 2019 to December 2019.

Plasmidome analysis of a hospital effluent biofilm: Status of antibiotic resistance.

Plasmids are widely involved in the dissemination of characteristics within bacterial communities. Their genomic content can be assessed by high-throughput sequencing of the whole plasmid fraction of an environment, the plasmidome. In this study, we analyzed the plasmidome of a biofilm formed in the effluents of the teaching hospital of Clermont-Ferrand (France).

Strong off-target antibody reactivity to malarial antigens induced by RTS,S/AS01E vaccination is associated with protection.

The RTS,S/AS01E vaccine targets the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of the Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) parasite. Protein microarrays were used to measure levels of IgG against 1000 P.

[Role of helical computed tomography in petrous bone trauma: about 12 cases at the University Hospital Ibn Rochd of Casablanca].

Temporal bone injuries occur in 14-22% of skull fractures occurring due to head trauma. The purpose of this study is to understand the role of helical computed tomography in petrous bone trauma and to show the different types of fractures and the associated lesions. We conducted a retrospective study of 12 patients with petrous bone trauma (including 10 men and 2 women) over a period of 14 months.

Methods for testing the income-health relative hypothesis that the distribution of income in a society affects the distribution of health.

Health and income relation analysis has been the subject of controversies on the absolute income hypothesis (the higher an individual's income, the better their health status) and the relative income hypothesis (individual health is affected by the distribution of income within society). In addition, the assumed relationship has been criticised as being a statistical artefact. To overcome these issues, we formulate the hypothesis that the distribution of health in a society is correlated with the distribution of income in that society and propose the analytical method framework.

Prevalence and identification of the determinants of influenza vaccination among French midwifery students.

Introduction: Midwifery students in France are requested to be vaccinated against influīenza every year before the winter epidemic. The rationale is to protect pregnant women and newborns, the "frail" populations with whom students are in regular contact. The aims of the present study were to assess the prevalence of influenza vaccination among midwifery students and to identify the obstacles to its implementation.

Altered Cytokine Responses in Children With Asymptomatic Infection in Burkina Faso: An Additional Argument to Treat Asymptomatic Malaria?

Introduction: Patients with clinical malaria have an increased risk for bacterial bloodstream infections. We hypothesized that asymptomatic malaria parasitemia increases susceptibility for bacterial infections through an effect on the innate immune system. We measured circulating cytokine levels and cytokine production capacity in asymptomatic malaria and compared with controls.

Convergence in public health expenditure across the Sub-Saharan African countries: does club convergence matter?

Background: Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries that currently face enormous healthcare challenges have implemented national health policies focusing on regional or international health commitments. These health commitments generally promote new healthcare financing policies (e.g.

Efficacy of a low-dose candidate malaria vaccine, R21 in adjuvant Matrix-M, with seasonal administration to children in Burkina Faso: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Stalled progress in controlling Plasmodium falciparum malaria highlights the need for an effective and deployable vaccine. RTS,S/AS01, the most effective malaria vaccine candidate to date, demonstrated 56% efficacy over 12 months in African children. We therefore assessed a new candidate vaccine for safety and efficacy.

A prospective study on the pathogenesis of catheter-associated bacteriuria in critically ill patients.

Background: Updating the pathogenesis of catheter-associated bacteriuria (CA-bacteriuria) in the intensive care unit (ICU) is needed to adapt prevention strategies. Our aim was to determine whether the main pathway of CA-bacteriuria in ICU patients was endoluminal or exoluminal. In a prospective study, quantitative urine cultures were sampled from catheter sampling sites, collector bags and the catheter outer surface near the meatus from days 1 to 15 after catheterization.

A global multinational survey of cefotaxime-resistant coliforms in urban wastewater treatment plants.

The World Health Organization Global Action Plan recommends integrated surveillance programs as crucial strategies for monitoring antibiotic resistance. Although several national surveillance programs are in place for clinical and veterinary settings, no such schemes exist for monitoring antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment. In this transnational study, we developed, validated, and tested a low-cost surveillance and easy to implement approach to evaluate antibiotic resistance in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) by targeting cefotaxime-resistant (CTX-R) coliforms as indicators.

Climate disturbance impact assessment in West Africa: evidence from field survey and satellite imagery analysis.

Extreme drought events from climate disturbances are weakening livelihood and limiting agriculture and livestock production in the Sahel region. The lack of relevant information to anticipate coping measures has exacerbated impacts leading to climate adaptation failure in most parts. In this regard, the current research paper has collected important datasets with an objective to assess the impact of extreme drought events on household's livelihoods for better understanding impacts, local people's perception, and the changes on vegetation cover in order to support a robust adaptation strategy to drought.

Long-term immunogenicity and immune memory response to the hepatitis B antigen in the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine in African children: a randomized trial.

RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine contains the hepatitis B virus surface antigen and may thus serve as a potential hepatitis B vaccine. To evaluate the impact of RTS,S/AS01 when implemented in the Expanded Program of Immunization, infants 8-12 weeks old were randomized to receive either RTS,S/AS01 or a licensed hepatitis B control vaccine (HepB), both co-administered with various combinations of the following childhood vaccines: diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis- type b, trivalent oral poliovirus, pneumococcal non-typeable protein D conjugate and human rotavirus vaccine. Long-term persistence of antibodies against the circumsporozoite (CS) protein and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were assessed, together with the immune memory response to the HB antigen following a booster dose of HepB vaccine.