Hypoplastic arteries of the cerebral arterial ring in the blind spot of computed tomography angiography.

Background: Some variations of the cerebral arterial circle (CAC) are associated with an increased risk for the development of various pathological conditions. This paper aimed to determine the prevalence of hypoplastic arteries of CAC and to emphasize the limited possibility of their visualization by computed tomography angiography (CTA).

Materials And Methods: The research was performed on 400 adult cadavers by macro- and microdissection of the cerebral arteries.

Specifies of the fetal median callosal artery.

Background: A variable artery in the anterior cerebral circulation, named median callosal artery (MdCA) belongs to one of the three groups of anteromedial central branches of the anterior communicating artery (ACoA). The lack of information on MdCA in human fetuses inspired the authors to explore and present its morphological features.

Methods: The arteries of the brain base were analyzed and measured on 193 specimens of human fetuses, whose values are preserved from the time of preparation of PhD thesis.

Bilateral aplasia of the anterior cerebral artery in the presence of its vascular source: a case report.

Purpose: Our goal was to investigate the cases of bilateral aplasia of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA).

Methods: The macro- and microdissection of the target human brain arteries of 388 cadaveric cases was applied under the magnifying glass. Each case was photographed and diagrammatically represented in the workbook.

Frequently applied ketamine, medetomidine and thiopental anaesthesia induces high mortality in Wistar rats.

Objective: Fatal reactions to the combination of ketamine-medetomidine and thiopental in Wistar rats are described in two different models of orthodontic tooth movement.

Materials And Methods: Thirty male rats were divided into two groups that required repeated anaesthesia during a 42-day study period, once a week or more frequently depending on the experimental group. The combination of ketamine [50 mg/kg body weight (b.

Periodontal ligament regulatory role in experimental diabetic rat model of periodontium remodelling.

Background: Diabetes, among multiple systemic harmful health issues, also may deteriorate normal regenerative and reparative functions of periodontium. The aim of this research was to study the role of periodontal ligament in tissue remodelling under the orthodontic appliance stimulation in two rat experimental models (healthy Wistar rats and Goto-Kakizaki, rodent model of non-obese type 2 diabetes).

Materials And Methods: Four groups of rats were defined: Wistar (WI; n = 8) and Goto-Kakizaki (GK; n = 8) control groups without orthodontic appliances, and Wistar (n = 16) and Goto-Kakizaki (n = 16) appliance groups with orthodontic appliances.

Double unilateral fenestration of the anterior cerebral artery in the pre-communicating segment: a report of a unique case.

A unique example of two fenestrations of the pre-communicating (A1) segment of the right anterior cerebral artery (ACA) in a 78-year-old woman was a special case among 388 cadaveric specimens. It was found by a retrospective review of the personal data obtained during graduate and undergraduate studies at the Faculty of Medicine. Two unequal fenestrations of the right A1 segment were associated with the presence of a pseudo anterior communicating artery, hypoplasia of the right posterior communicating artery and the left superior cerebellar artery, absence of the right anterior inferior cerebellar artery, and ectasia of the basilar artery; however, the cerebral arteries were without aneurysm(s) or other pathology.

Platelet-rich fibrin: Basics of biological actions and protocol modifications.

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) represents second generation of platelet concentrates, which has gained increasing awareness in recent years for regenerative procedures. This biologic additive is completely autologous, easy to prepare, has minimal expense, and possesses prolonged growth factor release, together with several other advantages over traditionally prepared platelet concentrates. Since its introduction, various protocols for PRF preparation have been proposed with different amounts of growth factors and other biomolecules necessary for wound healing.

Human anterior pituitary's ACTH cells during the aging process: immunohistochemic and morphometric study.

Corticotrophs produce a hormone that stimulates the adrenal gland cortex to secrete glucocorticoids, which in turn have effects on carbohydrate and protein metabolism. Quantification, morphological characteristics, and distribution of corticotrophs in the anterior pituitary and changes in the number and shape of the cells during aging have been examined using immunohistochemical and morphometric methods. The material consisted of 14 anterior pituitaries taken from cadavers at routine autopsy.

Congenital Aplasia of the Common Carotid Artery: A Comprehensive Review.

In an attempt to describe the morphofunctional consequences of uni- and bilateral aplasia of the common carotid artery (CCA), which is usually a vascular source of the external carotid (ECA) and internal carotid (ICA) arteries, we investigated online databases of anatomical and clinical papers published from the 18th century to the present day. We found 87 recorded cases of uni- and bilateral CCA aplasia in subjects from the first hours to the eighth decade of life, which had been discovered in 14 (known) countries. Four crucial parameters were described: the embryology of the carotid arteries, morphophysiology of the carotid arteries, CCA aplasia, and unilateral versus bilateral CCA aplasia, including history, general data, diagnosing, vascular sources, caliber, course of the separated ECA and ICA, associated vascular variants, and pathological disorders.

Endometrial immunocompetent cells in proliferative and secretory phase of normal menstrual cycle.

Background: Menstruation was presented as a result of inflammatory process. The total and relative numbers of the endometrial immunocompetitive cells vary during the different phases of the menstrual cycle. The aim of this morphological study is to make a contribution to understanding different distribution of leukocyte types during proliferative and secretory phase of normal menstrual cycle.

Position and size of massa intermedia in Serbian brains.

Background: Massa intermedia, a midline bar-shaped structure, connects two thalami across the third ventricle in 70-80% of healthy humans. It has become clinically important since its absence was comprehended as a midline malformation of the brain and brought in connection with schizophrenia indicating that some symptoms could be a consequence of disturbed neuron chains underlying the mechanisms of attention and processing of information. The aim of the investigation was to find out the incidence, position, and size of massa intermedia in the brains of the Serbian population.

Significance of the Ki-67 proliferation index in the assessment of the therapeutic response to cisplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced cervical cancer.

Objective: The purposes of this study were to examine the therapeutic response of advanced cervical cancer to Ki-67 proliferative index (Ki-67 PI) dependent cisplatin chemotherapy, and to determine Ki-67 PI referential value that is expected to provide a satisfactory therapeutic response of cervical cancer to cisplatin chemotherapy.

Patients And Methods: This prospective study enrolled 59 patients treated for cervical cancer at Clinic for Oncology, Clinical Center Nis, Serbia. According to the obtained Ki-67 PI values, patients were divided into three groups, and all the patients received the same cytostatic, cisplatin.

Erratum to "Unilateral Aplasia versus Bilateral Aplasia of the Vertebral Artery: A Review of Associated Abnormalities".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2017/7238672.].

Congenital absence of the bilateral internal carotid artery: a review of the associated (ab)normalities from a newborn status to the eighth decade of life.

Purpose: Due to the fact that the internal carotid artery (ICA) is responsible for nourishing two thirds of the brain volume, our aim was to inspect the morphofunctional consequences of the bilateral lack of this artery.

Methods: In order to examine this condition, we referred to both the library archive of our Faculty of Medicine and electronic databases of anatomical and clinical reports that included the following keywords: "absence," "aplasia," or "agenesis" in combination with "internal carotid artery," "common carotid artery," or only "carotid artery."

Result: We found 60 recorded cases of the bilateral ICA absence in the subjects of newborn status to the eighth decade of life, which had been discovered in 20 countries.

Unilateral Aplasia versus Bilateral Aplasia of the Vertebral Artery: A Review of Associated Abnormalities.

Morphological characteristics of 108 cases of uni- and bilateral aplasia of the vertebral artery (VA) in reports or images of retrospective studies, including one recent case, published between 1967 and 2016 are analyzed. Incidence, gender, persistence of carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomosis (CVBA), associated with other vascular variants, and vascular pathology in each group of uni- and bilateral VA aplasia are mutually compared. Most of the cases of VA aplasia in ages 31 to 80 were discovered in USA, Japan, and India.

Association of Two Primitive Carotid-Basilar Anastomoses and Cerebrovascular Abnormalities on the Brain Base: A Case Report.

Simultaneous presence of the persistent primitive trigeminal artery and so-called intermediate communicating artery was discovered in a 77-year-old cadaver autopsied due to the myocardial infarction. Many vascular variants and abnormalities such as aplasia of the right vertebral artery (VA), presence of two right posterior cerebral arteries (PCAs), partial duplication of the right superior cerebellar artery, hypoplasia of the pre-communicating part (A1) of the right anterior cerebral artery and the right PCA of basilar origin, a special configuration of the anterior communicating artery (ACoA), and a small aneurysm at the right A1-ACoA junction were associated. The finding of an incipient cerebral aneurysm at the junction of the hypoplastic A1 and embryonal configuration of the ACoA in the eight decade of life indicates that its development was caused by long-term pressure of blood flow at branching points of this artery independent from its caliber.

Variation of some arteries of the vertebrobasilar system: case report.

A specificity of the vertebrobasilar system (VBS) is a convergent junction of paired vertebral arteries (VAs) in the basilar artery (BA) usually at the level of bulbopontine sulcus on the ventral side of the rhombencephalon. We revealed multiple VBS variations (a high junction of both VAs, absence of posterior inferior cerebellar arteries, short and ectatic BA, hypoplasia and initial duplication of the left anterior inferior cerebellar artery, and bilateral common trunks of the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries) in a 52-year-old male that routinely autopsied at the Institute of Forensic Medicine. Embryological base and morphological status of presented VBS variations is highlighted according to the literature data.

Fenestrations and Various Duplications of the Posterior Communicating Artery in the Prenatal and Postnatal Periods.

Background: The 2 paired arteries-the posterior communicating arteries (PCoAs) and the precommunicating parts of the posterior cerebral arteries-form the so-called posterior segment of the cerebral arterial circle on the base of the brain. A number of (ab)normal morphologic features were described in the literature (e.g.

Fenestrations of the human posterior cerebral artery.

Background: The posterior cerebral artery (PCA), as a paired terminal branch of the basilar artery, runs through four segments (P1 to P4) to the inferior and medial surfaces of the occipital and a part of the temporal lobes. There are many PCA variants in its course. The literature data indicated that a fenestration of the PCA was very rare and that its clinical significance is unknown.

Infundibular dilatation of the posterior communicating artery in a defined population.

Unusual widening of the posterior communicating artery (PCoA) at its beginning from the cerebral portion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) was described as its infundibular dilatation (ID). A possibility of ID rupture or progression to aneurysm was the reason for an investigation of its frequency and morphologic features in specimens of the Serbian population. Cerebral arteries on the brain base of 267 adult cadavers of both genders and varying age and causes of death were dissected.

Some features of the developmental uterus in human fetuses.

Proper development of each component of the reproductive tract is imperative for successful natural reproduction. The aim was to investigate some morphological features of the fetal uterus in early phases of its development. The uteruses of 65 fetuses of different gestational age were included and each of them was measured in three dimensions: uterine length (UL), uterine width (BC) and the antero-posterior (sagittal) thickness of the uterine fundus (FT) using ImageJ computer program.

Persistent primitive olfactory artery in Serbian population.

The continuation of the cranial branch of the primitive internal carotid artery is called the primitive olfactory artery (POℓA). It takes this name according to the fact that it is mainly concerned with supplying the developing nasal region. We reported two new cases of the persistent POℓA (PPOℓA) in Serbian population after retrospective analysis of digital images of 200 fetal and 269 adult cases.

Morphology of the cerebral arterial circle in the prenatal and postnatal period of Serbian population.

Background: In the literature, there are descriptions of morphological types of the cerebral arterial circle (CAC) of different human populations around the world, but not the Serbian population. This additionally inspired the authors to present the results of previous and current researches of CAC's configuration in the prenatal, as well as in the postnatal period.

Method: The study was performed on CACs of 190 human fetuses and 143 adult cadavers.