Interventions targeting patients with co-occuring severe mental illness and substance use (dual diagnosis) in general practice settings - a scoping review of the literature.

Background: People with dual diagnosis die prematurely compared to the general population, and general practice might serve as a setting in the healthcare system to mend this gap in health inequity. However, little is known about which interventions that have been tested in this setting.

Aim: To scope the literature on interventions targeting patients with dual diagnosis in a general practice setting, the outcomes used, and the findings.

Developing a prediction model to identify people with severe mental illness without regular contact to their GP - a study based on data from the Danish national registers.

Introduction: People with severe mental illness (SMI) face a higher risk of premature mortality due to physical morbidity compared to the general population. Establishing regular contact with a general practitioner (GP) can mitigate this risk, yet barriers to healthcare access persist. Population initiatives to overcome these barriers require efficient identification of those persons in need.

Challenges in reaching patients with severe mental illness for trials in general practice-a convergent mixed methods study based on the SOFIA pilot trial.

Background: Patients with severe mental illness (SMI) die prematurely due to undetected and inadequate treatment of somatic illnesses. The SOFIA pilot study was initiated to mend this gap in health inequity. However, reaching patients with SMI for intervention research has previously proven difficult.

The SOFIA pilot study: assessing feasibility and fidelity of coordinated care to reduce excess mortality and increase quality of life in patients with severe mental illness in a general practice setting; a cluster-randomised pilot trial.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and fidelity of implementing and assessing the SOFIA coordinated care program aimed at lowering mortality and increasing quality of life in patients with severe mental illness by improving somatic health care in general practice.

Design: A cluster-randomised, non-blinded controlled pilot trial.

Setting: General Practice in Denmark.

Time trends in co-occurring substance use and psychiatric illness (dual diagnosis) from 2000 to 2017 - a nationwide study of Danish register data.

Objective: This article aims to describe the time trend in number of dual diagnosis patients treated in the psychiatric system in Denmark from 2000 to 2017.

Method: We calculated the share of patients with dual diagnosis, number of dual diagnosis contacts, number of unique individuals with dual diagnosis as well as number of new patients with dual diagnosis among patients in psychiatric treatment, i.e.

The influence of childhood aspirations on the risk of developing psychotic disorders, substance use disorders, and dual diagnosis in adulthood based on the Metropolit 1953 Danish Male Birth Cohort.

The study aims to investigate the association of aspiration for future occupation, socioeconomic position, and intellectual abilities with risk of dual diagnosis, psychosis, substance use disorder (SUD) in later life, and to explore if social and intellectual disadvantage modify any effect of childhood aspirations on outcomes. The study included 7177 Danish boys born in 1953. We investigated childhood aspirations (preference regarding future occupation), socioeconomic position (paternal social group), and intellectual abilities (Härnquist intelligence score) on outcomes with dual diagnosis, psychotic disorder, or SUD in Danish registers.

Local Destruction of Tumors and Systemic Immune Effects.

Current immune-based therapies signify a major advancement in cancer therapy; yet, they are not effective in the majority of patients. Physically based local destruction techniques have been shown to induce immunologic effects and are increasingly used in order to improve the outcome of immunotherapies. The various local destruction methods have different modes of action and there is considerable variation between the different techniques with respect to the ability and frequency to create a systemic anti-tumor immunologic effect.

Tumor Size of Invasive Breast Cancer on Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Conventional Imaging (Mammogram/Ultrasound): Comparison with Pathological Size and Clinical Implications.

Background And Aim: In Landspitali University Hospital, magnetic resonance imaging is used non-selectively in addition to mammogram and ultrasound in the preoperative assessment of breast cancer patients. The aim of this study was to assess invasive tumor size on imaging, compare with pathological size and evaluate the impact of magnetic resonance imaging on the type of surgery performed.

Material And Methods: All women with invasive breast cancer, diagnosed in Iceland, between 2007 and 2009 were reviewed retrospectively.

Long-term Follow-up After Interstitial Laser Thermotherapy of Breast Cancer.

Aim: To review the effect of immunological changes induced by interstitial laser thermotherapy (ILT) on long-term outcome of patients with breast cancer.

Patients And Methods: Twenty-four patients with invasive breast cancer were treated with ILT followed by standard surgical excision. Immunohistological reactions on immunocompetent cells were performed on specimens obtained before and after ILT.

Changes in immunocompetent cells after interstitial laser thermotherapy of breast cancer.

Background: Local tumour destruction has been shown to give rise to changes in immunocompetent cells. The aim of this study was to describe the effect of interstitial laser thermotherapy (ILT) of breast carcinoma in the tumour and in regional lymph nodes.

Methods: Seventeen women that underwent radical surgical excision after non-radical ILT were studied.

Interstitial laser thermotherapy of a rat liver tumour: effect of hepatic inflow occlusion.

Background And Objective: Interstitial laser thermotherapy was used to treat rat liver tumours. The aim was to investigate the influence of temperature and temporary hepatic inflow occlusion on tumour growth and blood perfusion.

Study Design/materials And Methods: Liver tumours were treated at 44°C at the tumour border for 30 minutes, hepatic inflow occlusion only, or a combination of these methods.

Prolonged chemotherapy impairs liver regeneration after portal vein occlusion - an audit of 26 patients.

Aim: The aim of the present retrospective study was to investigate the influence of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on liver regeneration after portal vein occlusion before major hepatectomy.

Method: Between 2003 and 2007, 26 patients underwent portal vein occlusion, of whom 22 had portal vein embolisation and 4 portal vein ligation. 15 of 23 patients with colorectal liver metastases had neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Interstitial laser thermotherapy (ILT) of breast cancer.

Aim: To find out if ILT can be used as radical treatment of breast cancer.

Method: Twenty-four patients, aged 39-84 (mean 61), with invasive breast cancer were treated with ILT. All underwent mammography, ultrasound and core biopsy before treatment.

DNA of Helicobacter spp. and common gut bacteria in primary liver carcinoma.

Background And Aim: Gastric and enteric Helicobacter species have been associated with the pathogenesis of some extragastric diseases.

Methods: We retrospectively investigated the presence of DNA of Helicobacter species in samples of the cancer and the surrounding tumour-free liver tissues of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, n=12) and cholangiocarcinoma (CC, n=13). The patients were from an area with low liver cancer incidence and with low hepatitis B and C prevalence.

Resistance to tumour challenge after tumour laser thermotherapy is associated with a cellular immune response.

Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that interstitial laser thermotherapy (ILT) of an experimental liver tumour is superior to surgical excision, at least partly due to a laser-induced immunological effect. The aim of the present study was to investigate the time-response relationship of the ILT-induced immunisation and the cellular response of macrophages and lymphocytes. A dimethylhydrazine-induced adenocarcinoma was transplanted into the liver of syngeneic rats.

Intraoperative radiotherapy for patients with carcinoma of the pancreas.

Background/aims: Local recurrence is one of the most common sites of failure after resection of exocrine pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) involves delivery of high doses of irradiation to the pancreas in patients with locally advanced disease, and to the surgical bed following pancreatic resection while uninvolved and dose-limiting tissues are displaced. Here we report our current experience with IORT in patients with pancreatic cancer.

Percutaneous ablation of liver tumours.

The goal of local ablation treatment of hepatic disease is to prolong survival for patients with unresectable tumours. Presently, influence on survival is difficult to estimate because of the heterogeneity of indications and treatments and short follow-up. This chapter therefore focuses on potential benefits and limitations, complications and solutions for improvement.

Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) after laser thermotherapy of an adenocarcinoma transplanted into rat liver.

The heat shock proteins (HSPs) HSP70 and gp96 from necrotic tumour cells are considered to function as chaperones in presenting tumour antigens. We therefore studied HSP70 and immune cells in a transplantable carcinoma in the liver of rats after interstitial laser thermotherapy (ILT). Experiments were performed in Wistar FU rats using a dimethyl-hydrazine-induced adenocarcinoma implanted into the left lateral lobe of the liver.

Linomide improves the effect of interstitial laser thermotherapy in a rat liver tumour model.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate if Linomide affects growth and spread of a rat liver tumour when given alone and in combination with interstitial laser thermotherapy (ILT).

Materials And Methods: Experiments were performed in Wistar rats using a dimethyl-hydrazine-induced adenocarcinoma implanted into the left lateral lobe of the liver. The rats were randomised to one of the following groups: a) ILT and Linomide, b) ILT only, c) sham ILT, d) Linomide only, or e) control.

Extended operation with or without intraoperative (IORT) and external (EBRT) radiotherapy for gallbladder carcinoma.

Background/aims: Gallbladder carcinoma is a rare disease with dismal prognosis. However, lately improved survival has been reported after extended operation including liver resection and lymphadenectomy in addition to cholecystectomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate such a surgical strategy with and without adjuvant intra- and postoperative radiotherapy (IORT/EBRT).

Percutaneous fine-needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis and management of liver tumours.

Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the value of percutaneous fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis and management of liver tumours.

Methods: FNAC followed by histopathological examination was carried out in 216 patients with suspected liver tumours. The final diagnosis was primary liver cancer in 106, colorectal metastases in 51, non-colorectal metastases in 46, benign tumour in nine and no tumour in four patients.

[Guidelines for management of patients with pancreatic cancer].

The incidence of pancreatic cancer has fallen during the last ten years in Sweden. Early signs and symptoms of the disease are still undiscovered and when diagnosis is made the disease is incurable in most patients. Transabdominal ultrasonography is the first-line imaging test followed by spiral computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) if required for definite diagnosis.

Interstitial laser thermotherapy of a rat liver adenocarcinoma.

The aim of this study was to compare interstitial laser thermotherapy with excision of a liver tumour. A dimethylhydrazine-induced adenocarcinoma was implanted into the left lateral lobe of the rat liver, and treatment was performed 8 days later. Rats were treated with resection of the tumour-bearing lobe or underwent interstitial laser thermotherapy, which was performed at a steady-state temperature of 46°C for 30 min, 3 mm from the tumour margin.

Congenital absence of the intrahepatic portion of the portal vein in an adult male resected for hepatocellular carcinoma.

We report a case of congenital absence of the portal vein (CAPV) in an adult male who underwent resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. CAPV is a rare anomaly; only 29 cases, mostly in children, have been presented to date. An association between CAPV and cardiac abnormalities, polysplenia syndrome, skeletal abnormalities and liver tumors has been seen in children.

Electrically mediated drug delivery for treatment of an adenocarcinoma transplanted into rat liver.

Background: In this study, electrochemotherapy (ECT), i.e. tumour treatment based on local augmentation of intracellular drug delivery from short, intense electric pulses, was evaluated in rats with an adenocarcinoma implanted into the liver.