Urine lipoarabinomannan concentrations among HIV-negative adults with pulmonary or extrapulmonary tuberculosis disease in Vietnam.

Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is a promising target biomarker for diagnosing subclinical and clinical tuberculosis (TB). Urine LAM (uLAM) testing using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) has been approved for people living with HIV (PLWH), however there is limited data regarding uLAM levels in HIV-negative (HIV-ve) adults with clinical TB. We conducted a clinical study of adults presenting with clinical TB-related symptoms at the National Lung Hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam.

Enhancing the antibacterial activity of ampicillin loaded into chitosan/starch nanocomposites against AMR Staphylococcusaureus.

Ampicillin (Amp), an antibiotic, is widely used to treat bacterial infections in humans and livestock, but recently the rate of resistance has increased rapidly. The aim of this work was to enhancing the antibacterial effect of this compound against AMR Staphylococcus aureus via loading Amp into chitosan/starch nanocomposites by spray drying technique. The results showed that the different ratio of chitosan gel and starch gel used in preparing the nanocomposites can affect its properties and performance.

Comparison of the outcomes of first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis by locking plate and compression screw in patients with severe hallux valgus or hallux valgus revision.

Introduction: Arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP1) is indicated for hallux rigidus, septic arthritis, severe hallux valgus (HV) or HV revision. Few studies have compared the functional and radiographic outcomes between indications. The goal of this study was to compare the results of MTP1 arthrodesis in patients with severe HV or HV revision at 6 months postoperative.

Assessment of three antibiotic combination regimens against Gram-negative bacteria causing neonatal sepsis in low- and middle-income countries.

Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) are a major cause of neonatal sepsis in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Although the World Health Organization (WHO) reports that over 80% of these sepsis deaths could be prevented through improved treatment, the efficacy of the currently recommended first- and second-line treatment regimens for this condition is increasingly affected by high rates of drug resistance. Here we assess three well known antibiotics, fosfomycin, flomoxef and amikacin, in combination as potential antibiotic treatment regimens by investigating the drug resistance and genetic profiles of commonly isolated GNB causing neonatal sepsis in LMICs.

High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound in Dentistry: A Literature Review.

Although high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been applied widely in medicine, utilising its non-invasive dual ablation and thermal coagulation properties, its application in dentistry has primarily remained in the research phase, predominantly in in vitro studies. Nonetheless, there has been a consistent increase in the number of publications on this subject in recent decades, focusing on areas such as remineralisation of dentine surfaces, removal of smear layers, drug delivery, and microbial elimination. The number of advantages HIFU can offer, such as its non-surgical nature, absence of ionising radiation, lack of residue, and absence of aerosols, is driving this upward trend, indicating the potential for HIFU in clinical dentistry and ongoing efforts towards developing HIFU-based devices for routine dental use.

Intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fractures: an analysis of rotational malunions using 3D EOS.

Purpose: Rotational malalignment and leg length discrepancy after intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft are frequent. This study has three objectives: evaluate the rate of femoral rotational malalignment and leg length discrepancy using EOS imaging after antegrade intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fracture, find a relevant clinical examination to detect malrotation and identified risk factors.

Methods: We performed a retrospective single-centre study between January 2014 and January 2022.

Effect of ambient air pollution on hospital admission for respiratory diseases in Hanoi children during 2007-2019.

Air pollution poses a threat to children's respiratory health. This study aims to quantify the association between short-term air pollution exposure and respiratory hospital admissions among children in Hanoi, Vietnam, and estimate the population-attributable burden using local data. A case-crossover analysis was conducted based on the individual records where each case is their own control.

Patients' Satisfaction with Obstetrics-Gynecology, and Pediatric Healthcare Services in Vietnam: A Multicentre Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: Despite improvements in maternal and child health in Vietnam, sustained efforts are required to improve healthcare quality and resolve persistent disparities, highlighting the universal significance of customer satisfaction in healthcare. This study aims to assess patient satisfaction with healthcare services and associated factors at obstetrics-gynecology and pediatric hospitals across different geographical areas in Vietnam.

Patients And Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 among 647 patients or caregivers of hospitalized children at three major obstetrics-gynecology and pediatric hospitals, representing different geographical areas in Northern Vietnam.

Boosting internal quantum efficiency via ultrafast triplet transfer to 2H-MoTe film.

Organic systems often allow to create two triplet spin states (triplet excitons) by converting an initially excited singlet spin state (a singlet exciton). An ideally designed organic/inorganic heterostructure could reach the photovoltaic energy harvest over the Shockley-Queisser (S-Q) limit because of the efficient conversion of triplet excitons into charge carriers. Here, we demonstrate the molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe)/pentacene heterostructure to boost the carrier density via efficient triplet transfer from pentacene to MoTe using ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy.

The first successful bone marrow transplantation in Vietnam for a young Vietnamese boy with chronic granulomatous disease: a case report.

Background: Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inborn error of immunity (IEI) disorder that results from defects in the respiratory burst activity in phagocytes, leading to the inability to kill bacterial and fungal microorganisms. CGD patients usually have a high incidence of morbidity such as infections and autoinflammatory diseases and a high mortality rate. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is the only definitive cure for patients who suffer from CGD.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Polymerase Chain Reaction in the Diagnosis of Neonatal Bacterial Meningitis: A Single-Center Experience From Vietnam.

Objective: To compare the performance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with bacterial culture for the diagnosis of neonatal bacterial meningitis (NBM).

Method: The CSF analysis of neonate with confirmed bacterial meningitis was performed with PCR and bacterial culture, and results were compared.

Result: Among 24 neonates, the pathogens Identified included E.

Efficacy of obstructive sleep apnea treatment by antileukotriene receptor and surgery therapy in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy: A descriptive and cohort study.

Background: Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy is high and related to the occlusion of the upper airway. The main treatments of OSA in these children is adenotonsillectomy. However, this intervention is an invasive method with a various success rate.

Comparison of the functional outcomes after treatment of periprosthetic hip fractures with femoral stem loosening: Locking plate fixation with or without femoral stem revision.

Introduction: Periprosthetic fractures have become one of the main reasons for revision of total hip arthroplasty, with the treatment strategy guided by the Vancouver and SOFCOT classification systems. The main objective of this work was to compare the functional outcomes and mortality rate in patients who suffered a periprosthetic hip fracture with femoral stem loosening and who were treated either by internal fixation with locking plate only, or in combination with revision of the existing femoral stem with a cemented stem. The secondary objective was to compare the blood loss, procedure duration, length of hospital stay, living arrangements, time to weight bearing and major complications between these two treatment strategies.

Analysis of a Major Phenolic Glucoside and Biochemistry Compounds from Gaertn.

Background: Orcinol-β-D-glucoside, which is also known as orcinol glucoside, is a major phenolic glucoside compound in the rhizome of the Gaertn. This compound has many medicinal properties such as being antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antiosteoporosis, stress relief, antidepressant, etc.

Methods: Determination of reducing sugar content by Bertrand's method, determination of lipid content by Soxhlet method, determination of vitamin C content by iodine titration, determination of enzyme activity catalase by titration with KMnO4.

Acrodystrophic axonal polyneuropathy with celiac disease: a case report.

Background: Patients with celiac disease present with not only gastrointestinal symptoms but also extraintestinal manifestations such as anemia, osteopathy, dermatitis herpetiformis, and celiac neuropathy. Despite a fairly wide range of celiac neuropathies, we report a case of the acrodystrophic variant of celiac polyneuropathy, which has not been previously described.

Case Presentation: A 41-year-old Ukrainian male suffered from symmetric, sensorimotor axonal polyneuropathy and encephalopathy associated with celiac disease, which is characterized by severe trophic disorders in the lower extremities (trophic ulcers, hyperkeratosis, and anhidrosis).

Gate-Tunable Magnetism via Resonant Se-Vacancy Levels in WSe.

The confined defects in 2D van der Waals (vdW)-layered semiconductors can be easily tailored using charge doping, strain, or an electric field. Nevertheless, gate-tunable magnetic order via intrinsic defects has been rarely observed to date. Herein, a gate-tunable magnetic order via resonant Se vacancies in WSe is demonstrated.

One-Step Synthesis of NbSe/Nb-Doped-WSe Metal/Doped-Semiconductor van der Waals Heterostructures for Doping Controlled Ohmic Contact.

van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) of metallic (m-) and semiconducting (s-) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exhibit an ideal metal/semiconductor (M/S) contact in a field-effect transistor. However, in the current two-step chemical vapor deposition process, the synthesis of m-TMD on pregrown s-TMD contaminates the van der Waals (vdW) interface and hinders the doping of s-TMD. Here, NbSe/Nb-doped-WSe metal-doped-semiconductor (M/d-S) vdWHs are created via a one-step synthesis approach using a niobium molar ratio-controlled solution-phase precursor.

Escalated Photocurrent with Excitation Energy in Dual-Gated MoTe.

Although van der Waals-layered transition metal dichalcogenides from transient absorption spectroscopy have successfully demonstrated an ideal carrier multiplication (CM) performance with an onset of nearly 2E, interpretation of the CM effect from the optical approach remains unresolved owing to the complexity of many-body electron-hole pairs. We demonstrate the escalated photocurrent with excitation photon energy by fabricating the dual-gate p-n junction of a MoTe film on a transparent substrate. Electrons and holes were efficiently extracted by eliminating the Schottky barriers in the metal contact and minimizing multiple reflections.

Decelerated Hot Carrier Cooling in Graphene Nondissipative Carrier Injection from MoS.

One key to improve the performance of advanced optoelectronic devices and energy harvesting in graphene is to understand the predominant carrier scattering optical phonons. Nevertheless, low light absorbance in graphene yields a limited photoexcited carrier density, hampering the hot carrier effect, which is strongly correlated to the hot optical phonon bottleneck effect as the energy-loss channel. Here, by integrating graphene with monolayer MoS possessing stronger light absorbance, we demonstrate an efficient interfacial hot carrier transfer between graphene and MoS in their heterostructure with a prolonged relaxation time using broadband transient differential transmittance spectroscopy.

Efficient Gate Modulation in a Screening-Engineered MoS/Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Network Heterojunction Vertical Field-Effect Transistor.

In this report, a screening-engineered carbon nanotube (CNT) network/MoS/metal heterojunction vertical field effect transistor (CNT-VFET) is fabricated for an efficient gate modulation independent of the drain voltage. The gate field in the CNT-VFET transports through the empty space of the CNT network without any screening layer and directly modulates the MoS semiconductor energy band, while the gate field from the Si back gate is mostly screened by the graphene layer. Consequently, the on/off ratio of CNT-VFET maintained 10 in overall drain voltages, which is 10 times and 1000 times higher than that of the graphene (Gr) VFET at = 0.

Two-Terminal Multibit Optical Memory via van der Waals Heterostructure.

2D van der Waals (vdWs) heterostructures exhibit intriguing optoelectronic properties in photodetectors, solar cells, and light-emitting diodes. In addition, these materials have the potential to be further extended to optical memories with promising broadband applications for image sensing, logic gates, and synaptic devices for neuromorphic computing. In particular, high programming voltage, high off-power consumption, and circuital complexity in integration are primary concerns in the development of three-terminal optical memory devices.

Novel Sternal Reconstruction With Custom Three-Dimensional-Printed Titanium PoreStar Prosthesis.

Resection of sternal tumors can leave large defects, which exposes major mediastinal structures, and can affect respiratory mechanics. If feasible, resection is potentially a complex reconstructive challenge to restore normal and functional anatomy using conventional techniques. We report the first Australian use of a three-dimensional-printed titanium and PoreStar prosthesis in a 39-year-old woman for reconstruction after major surgical resection of the sternum for metastatic breast cancer.

Role of Hole Trap Sites in MoS for Inconsistency in Optical and Electrical Phenomena.

Because of strong Coulomb interaction in two-dimensional van der Waals-layered materials, the trap charges at the interface strongly influence the scattering of the majority carriers and thus often degrade their electrical properties. However, the photogenerated minority carriers can be trapped at the interface, modulate the electron-hole recombination, and eventually influence the optical properties. In this study, we report the role of the hole trap sites on the inconsistency in the electrical and optical phenomena between two systems with different interfacial trap densities, which are monolayer MoS-based field-effect transistors (FETs) on hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and SiO substrates.