Sedation Patterns and Hyperosmolar Therapy in Emergency Departments were Associated with Blood Pressure Variability and Outcomes in Patients with Spontaneous Intracranial Hemorrhage.

Background: Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) is associated with high mortality. Little information exists to guide initial resuscitation in the emergency department (ED) setting. However, blood pressure variability (BPV) and mechanical ventilation (MV) are known risk factors for poor outcome in sICH.

Differences in biomarkers of inflammation and immune responses in chronic smokers and moist snuff users.

Background: Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for cancer and other diseases. While smoking induces chronic inflammation and aberrant immune responses, the effects of smokeless tobacco products (STPs) on immune responses is less clear. Here we evaluated markers related to immune regulation in smokers (SMK), moist snuff consumers (MSC) and non-tobacco consumers (NTC) to better understand the effects of chronic tobacco use.

MRI Simulation-based evaluation of an efficient under-sampling approach.

Compressive sampling (CS) has been commonly employed in the field of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to accurately reconstruct sparse and compressive signals. In a MR image, a large amount of encoded information focuses on the origin of the k-space. For the 2D Cartesian K-space MRI, under-sampling the frequency-encoding () dimension does not affect to the acquisition time, thus, only the phase-encoding () dimension can be exploited.

Electronic structures of NbGe (n = 1-3) clusters from multiconfigurational CASPT2 and density matrix renormalization group-CASPT2 calculations.

Density functional theory and multiconfigurational CASPT2 and density matrix renormalization group DMRG-CASPT2 have been employed to study the low-lying states of NbGe (n = 1-3) clusters. With the DMRG-CASPT2 method, the active spaces are extended to a size of 20 orbitals. For most of the states, the CASPT2 relative energies are comparable with the DMRG-CASPT2 results.

DNA Methylation Profiling Reveals Prognostically Significant Groups in Pediatric Adrenocortical Tumors: A Report From the International Pediatric Adrenocortical Tumor Registry.

Purpose: Pediatric adrenocortical carcinomas (ACCs) are aggressive; the overall survival of patients with ACCs is 40%-50%. Appropriate staging and histologic classification are crucial because children with incomplete resections, metastases, or relapsed disease have a dismal prognosis. The clinical course of pediatric adrenocortical tumors (ACTs) is difficult to predict using the current classification schemas, which rely on subjective microscopic and gross macroscopic variables.

The global impact of COVID-19 on gastrointestinal endoscopy units: An international survey of endoscopists.

Background & Study Aims: Corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has markedly impacted routine medical services including gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. We aim to report the real-life performance in high volume GI endoscopy units during the pandemic.

Patients And Methods: A web-based survey covering all aspects of daily performance in GI endoscopy units was sent to endoscopy units worldwide.

Data on antiplatelet aggregation, anticoagulation and antioxidant activities of Ker rhizome and its secondary metabolites.

Ker rhizome has been used in Traditional Vietnamese Medicine to prevent and treat heart diseases without thorough scientific evidence. The data presented in this article characterize the antiplatelet aggregation, anticoagulant and antioxidant activity of rhizome extracts and the bio-guided isolation of bioactive compounds from the active fraction. The data on tested bioactivities of isolated compounds were also provided.

Early Predictors of Near-Shore Spinal Injuries Among Emergency Department Patients.

Background: Spinal injuries (SIs) can pose a significant burden to patients and family; delayed surgical intervention, associated with interhospital transfer, results in worse outcomes.

Objective: This study aimed to identify early patient-centered factors associated with risk for near-shore SIs to assist clinicians with expeditious medical decision-making.

Methods: We performed a multicenter retrospective study of all adults transported from Ocean City, Maryland to two emergency departments (EDs) and one regional trauma center for evaluation of suspected SIs from 2006 to 2017.

Cryo-electron microscopy visualization of a large insertion in the 5S ribosomal RNA of the extremely halophilic archaeon Halococcus morrhuae.

The extreme halophile Halococcus morrhuae (ATCC 17082) contains a 108-nucleotide insertion in its 5S rRNA. Large rRNA expansions in Archaea are rare. This one almost doubles the length of the 5S rRNA.

Nutritional management of chronic pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background And Aim: Malnutrition is a frequent complication of chronic pancreatitis. Adequate nutritional support is imperative, but there is still uncertainty about the optimal nutritional treatment. This work systematically compiles evidence from randomized controlled trials investigating dietary interventions in chronic pancreatitis and, in a further step, contrasts those findings with existing dietary recommendations.

Colonoscopic Polypectomy Preferences of Asian Endoscopists: Results of a Survey-Based Study.

Background/aims: The clinical practice pattern of polypectomy is not well-investigated in Asian countries. We aimed to survey Asian endoscopists about their preferred polypectomy techniques for given conditions and images of polyps.

Methods: A survey was performed using questionnaires composed of two parts: a scenario-based questionnaire using scenarios of polyps, which were adopted from the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guidelines, and an image-based questionnaire using provided endoscopic images of polyps.

Assembling Reads Improves Taxonomic Classification of Species.

Most current approach to metagenomic classification employ short next generation sequencing (NGS) reads that are present in metagenomic samples to identify unique genomic regions. NGS reads, however, might not be long enough to differentiate similar genomes. This suggests a potential for using longer reads to improve classification performance.

Revisiting the Warburg Effect: Diet-Based Strategies for Cancer Prevention.

It is widely acknowledged that cancer cell energy metabolism relies mainly on anaerobic glycolysis; this phenomenon is described as the Warburg effect. However, whether the Warburg effect is caused by genetic dysregulation in cancer or is the cause of cancer remains unknown. The exact reasons and physiology of this abnormal metabolism are unclear; therefore, many researchers have attempted to reduce malignant cell growth in tumors in preclinical and clinical studies.

LongAGE: defining breakpoints of genomic structural variants through optimal and memory efficient alignments of long reads.

Summary: Defining the precise location of structural variations (SVs) at single-nucleotide breakpoint resolution is a challenging problem due to large gaps in alignment. Previously, Alignment with Gap Excision (AGE) enabled us to define breakpoints of SVs at single-nucleotide resolution; however, AGE requires a vast amount of memory when aligning a pair of long sequences. To address this, we developed a memory-efficient implementation-LongAGE-based on the classical Hirschberg algorithm.

(Sect. Archecamellia - Theaceae), a new species from Vietnam.

A new species of Theaceae, N.S. Lý, V.

Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV and Its Predictors Among HIV-Exposed Infants at an Outpatient Clinic for HIV/AIDS in Vietnam.

Background: Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is decreasing worldwide; however, achieving the MTCT elimination target of 2% by 2020 and 0% by 2030 is challenging in resource-limited countries. The purpose of this study is to determine the evolution of the HIV transmission rate in infants from 2007 to 2018 and to identify the risk factors of HIV transmission among HIV-exposed infants in Vietnam.

Patients And Methods: A prospective cohort study of 608 HIV-exposed infants was conducted at the Pediatric Outpatient Clinic (pOPC) of the Women and Children Hospital of An Giang, Vietnam between September 2007 and December 2019.

The effect of platelet transfusion on functional independence and mortality after antiplatelet therapy associated spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: The practice of platelet transfusion to mitigate the deleterious effects of antiplatelet agents on spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains common. However, the effect of antiplatelet agents on patients with ICH is still controversial and transfusing platelets is not without risk. We performed a meta-analysis in order to determine the effect of platelet transfusion on antiplatelet agent associated ICH.

Current Knowledge on the Function of α-Methyl Acyl-CoA Racemase in Human Diseases.

Branched chain fatty acids perform very important functions in human diet and drug metabolism. they cannot be metabolized in mitochondria and are instead processed and degraded in peroxisomes due to the presence of methyl groups on the carbon chains. Oxidative degradation pathways for lipids include α- and β-oxidation and several pathways.

Blood pressure management in emergency department patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.

Introduction: Despite the well documented importance of blood pressure management in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), little is known about whether emergency departments (EDs) are able to achieve close monitoring and precise management. Our study characterizes ED monitoring and management of blood pressure in sICH patients.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of adults with sICH and elevated intracranial pressure.

From irreversible to reversible covalent inhibitors: Harnessing the andrographolide scaffold for anti-inflammatory action.

Covalent drugs with prolonged actions often show superior potency, yet integrated strategies for optimizing their structural and electronic features are lacking. Herein, we present our effort directed towards understanding the contribution of chemical reactivity to biological potency to rationally design new covalent inhibitors based on the ent-ladane andrographolide scaffold for anti-inflammatory action. Specifically, a series of andrographolide derivatives comprising various Michael acceptors was developed and their thiol reactivity was assayed under various chemical and biological conditions.

Primary prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in people undergoing major amputation of the lower extremity.

Background: People undergoing major amputation of the lower limb are at increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Risk factors for VTE in amputees include advanced age, sedentary lifestyle, longstanding arterial disease and an identifiable hypercoagulable condition. Evidence suggests that pharmacological prophylaxis (e.