Background And Objectives: SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3 (Shank3) proteins play crucial roles as neuronal postsynaptic scaffolds. Alongside neuropsychiatric symptoms, individuals with mutations often exhibit symptoms related to dysfunctions in other organs, including the heart. However, detailed insights into the cardiac functions of Shank3 remain limited.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiphenyleneiodonium (DPI) has been widely used as an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase (Nox) to discover its function in cardiac myocytes under various stimuli. However, the effects of DPI itself on Ca signaling and contraction in cardiac myocytes under control conditions have not been understood. We investigated the effects of DPI on contraction and Ca signaling and their underlying mechanisms using video edge detection, confocal imaging, and whole-cell patch clamp technique in isolated rat cardiac myocytes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHomeostasis in the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cardiac myocytes plays a critical role in regulating their physiological functions. Disturbance of balance between generation and removal of ROS is a major cause of cardiac myocyte remodeling, dysfunction, and failure. Cardiac myocytes possess several ROS-producing pathways, such as mitochondrial electron transport chain, NADPH oxidases, and nitric oxide synthases, and have endogenous antioxidation mechanisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
December 2020
ATP is a major energy source in the mammalian cells, but it is an extracellular chemical messenger acting on P2 purinergic receptors. A line of evidence has shown that ATP is released from many different types of cells including neurons, endothelial cells, and muscle cells. In this review, we described the distribution of P2 receptor subtypes in the cardiac cells and their physiological and pathological roles in the heart.
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