Tumour Size and T-Stage in Pancreatic Cancer Resection Specimens Depend on the Pathology Examination Approach.

In the eighth edition of the TNM classification for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), stages T1 to T3 are defined by tumour size, size measurement being deemed objective and accurate. This study investigated whether various, currently used approaches to tumour measurement result in different tumour sizes and differences in T-stage assignment. In a series of 315 resected PDAC, tumour sizes were measured as follows: macroscopically in a single or in two perpendicular planes and with or without microscopic corroboration.

Cytotoxic and nitric oxide inhibitory activities of triterpenoids from L.

Using combined chromatographic separation techniques, three new triterpenoids named lycomclavatols A-C (-), a new natural product, methyl lycernuate-A (), as well as seven known compounds (-), were isolated from the methanol extract of the whole plants of . Their chemical structures were established based on 1 D/2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS spectroscopic analyses. Among the isolates, compound exhibited inhibitory activity on NO production in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells (IC = 36.

Chemical constituents from and their anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities.

Phytochemical investigation of the whole plants of resulted in the isolation and identification of three new compounds (-), namely lycocernuaside E (), lycernuic ketone F (), and lycernuic B () and 12 known ones (-). Their chemical structures were established based on 1 D/2D NMR spectroscopic and HR-ESI-MS data analyses. Compounds , , and displayed NO inhibitory effects in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells, with IC values of 21.

Development of a Cell Suspension Culture System for Promoting Alkaloid and Vinca Alkaloid Biosynthesis Using Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Local .

Cell and tissue cultures of have been studied extensively as an alternative strategy to improve the production of valuable secondary metabolites. The purpose of this study was to produce callus and suspension cell biomass of good quality and quantity to improve the total alkaloids and bis-indole alkaloids. The young stem derived-callus of variety Quang Ninh (QN) was grown on MS medium supplemented with 1.

New 3,4diterpene and coumarin derivative from the leaves of Gagnep.

Two new compounds named trigoflavidus A () and trigoflavidus B (), and eight known compounds, trigoflavidone (), heterophypene (), howpene C (), 3,4sonderianol (), trigonochinene C (), fraxidin (), isofraxidin (), and isofraxetin () were isolated from the leaves of Gagnep. by various chromatographic methods. Their chemical structures were elucidated via UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS and NMR spectroscopic methods and divided into two groups including six 3,4diterpenes (, -) and four coumarins (, -).

Transcriptome sequencing and identification of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases involved in the biosynthesis of maslinic acid and corosolic acid in .

Grey mangrove () is a traditional medicine used for the treatment of various diseases, including rheumatism and ulcers; however, the compounds responsible for its curative effects remain largely unknown. Triterpenoids are a diverse group of plant-specialized metabolites derived from a common precursor, 2,3-oxidosqualene. Triterpenoids are potentially responsible for the beneficial effects of ; however, the chemical profiles of triterpenoids in and their biosynthetic genes have not been identified.

Labdane-type diterpenoids from Vitex limonifolia and their antivirus activities.

Phytochemical investigation of the methanol extract of Vitex limonifolia leaves led to the isolation of three new labdane-type diterpenoids, vitexlimolides A-C (1-3) and eight known compounds, 5,4'-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone (4), vitecetin (5), 5,4'-dihydroxy-7,3'-dimethoxyflavone (6), verrucosin (7), 2α, 3α-dihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid (8), euscaphlic acid (9), 18,19-seco, 2α, 3α-dihydroxy-19-oxo-urs-11,13(18)-dien-28-oic acid (10), and maslinic acid (11). Their chemical structures were elucidated by physical and chemical methods. All compounds were evaluated for antiviral activities against CVB3, HRV1B, and EV71 viruses.

New naphthalene derivatives and isoquinoline alkaloids from Ancistrocladus cochinchinensis with their anti-proliferative activity on human cancer cells.

Five new compounds, named ancistronaphtosides A and B (1 and 2), anciscochine (3), anciscochine 6-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (4), and 4'-methoxy-5-epi-ancistecrorine A1 (5), together with tortoside A (6) and 4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl-6-O-syringoyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (7) were isolated from the methanolic extract of Ancistrocladus cochinchinensis. Their chemical structures were established using HR-ESI-MS, NMR spectroscopic, and chiroptical methods. Compound 5 significantly exhibited anti-proliferation against HL-60, LU-1, and SK-MEL-2 cells with IC50 values of 5.

Two novel iridoids from Morinda longifolia.

Six secondary metabolites, including two novel iridoids, longifolides A (1) and B (2), were isolated by various chromatographic methods from a methanol extract of branches and leaves of Morinda longifolia Craib. The structures of the compounds were determined on the basis of NMR spectroscopic (1H and 13C NMR, HSQC, HMBC, 1H-1H COSY, NOESY) and FTICR-MS data, as well as by comparison of them with literature values.

Defining abnormal electrocardiography in adult emergency department syncope patients: the Ottawa Electrocardiographic Criteria.

Background: Previous studies have indicated that the suboptimal performance of the San Francisco Syncope Rule (SFSR) is likely due to the misclassification of the "abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG)" variable. We sought to identify specific emergency department (ED) ECG and cardiac monitor abnormalities that better predict cardiac outcomes within 30 days in adult ED syncope patients.

Methods: This health records review included patients 16 years or older with syncope and excluded patients with ongoing altered mental status, alcohol or illicit drug use, seizure, head injury leading to loss of consciousness, or severe trauma requiring admission.

Comparing pre-hospital clinical diagnosis of pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with etiology by coroner's diagnosis.

Objectives: Making an accurate clinical diagnosis in the field can be a great challenge with pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We aimed to compare the etiology of pediatric OHCA by pre-hospital clinical diagnosis with etiology by coroner's diagnosis and autopsy.

Design: As part of the Ontario Pre-hospital Advanced Life Support (OPALS) study, we conducted a prospective cohort study including children below age 19 with OHCA during an 11-year period.