Non-proteinogenic amino acids mitigate oxidative stress and enhance the resistance of common bean plants against .

White mold, caused by the necrotrophic fungus , is a challenging disease to common bean cultivation worldwide. In the current study, two non-proteinogenic amino acids (NPAAs), -aminobutyric acid (GABA) and -alanine, were suggested as innovative environmentally acceptable alternatives for more sustainable management of white mold disease. , GABA and -alanine individually demonstrated potent dose-dependent fungistatic activity and effectively impeded the radial growth and development of mycelium.

Toxic heavy metals in a landfill environment (Vientiane, Laos): Fish species and associated health risk assessment.

Leachates from municipal landfills introduce toxic heavy metals into water, causing bioaccumulation. This study assesses metal levels and potential human health risks associated with consuming Anabas testudineus and Channa striata. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detected Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn in both fish species.

Salinity Treatments Promote the Accumulations of Momilactones and Phenolic Compounds in Germinated Brown Rice.

This is the first investigation, conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD), to determine the effects of different salinity levels (75 and 150 mM) and germination periods (3, 4, and 5 days) on momilactone and phenolic accumulations in germinated brown rice (GBR) var. Koshihikari. Particularly, the identification of bioactive compounds was confirmed using electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (H and C).

Hydroxylated Cinnamates Enhance Tomato Resilience to , the Causal Agent of Early Blight Disease, and Stimulate Growth and Yield Traits.

The important vegetable crop, tomato, is challenged with numerous abiotic and biotic stressors, particularly the newly emerged fungicide-resistant strains of phytopathogenic fungi such as , the causal agent of early blight disease. The current study investigated the potential antifungal activity of four cinnamate derivatives including cinnamic acid, -coumaric acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid against . Our in vitro findings showed that all tested compounds exhibited dose-dependent fungistatic action against when their concentrations were increased from 0.

Benzimidazole Derivatives Suppress Fusarium Wilt Disease via Interaction with of and Activation of the Antioxidant Defense System of Pepper Plants.

Sweet pepper ( L.), also known as bell pepper, is one of the most widely grown vegetable crops worldwide. It is attacked by numerous phytopathogenic fungi, such as , the causal agent of Fusarium wilt disease.

A Future Perspective on Waste Management of Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles in Lao PDR: Current Status and Challenges.

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become a hot topic worldwide because they are not only the best alternative for energy storage systems but also have the potential for developing electric vehicles (EVs) that support greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction and pollution prevention in the transport sector. However, the recent increase in EVs has brought about a rise in demand for LIBs, resulting in a substantial number of used LIBs. The end-of-life (EoL) of batteries is related to issues including, for example, direct disposal of toxic pollutants into the air, water, and soil, which threatens organisms in nature and human health.

Isolation and Identification of Constituents Exhibiting Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antihyperuricemia Activities in Root.

The aqueous extract of kava () root is known as a traditional beverage for daily intake in the Western Pacific Islands, such as Fiji, Tonga, and Vanuatu, to induce relaxation and health-beneficial effects. In this study, the antioxidant, anti-hyperuricemia, and antibacterial properties of kava root were investigated through the isolation and purification of bioactive compounds in ten fractions separated by column chromatography (CC). They included six flavonoids, 5-hydroxy-4',7-dimethoxyflavanone (), matteucinol (), isosakuranetin (), 5,7- dimethoxyflavanone (), 2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxydihydrochalcone (in ) and alpinetin (), and seven kavalactones, 5,6-dehydrokawain (DK) (in and ), kavain (in ), yangonin (in and ), dihydro-5,6-dehydrokavain (DDK) (in ), 7,8-dihydromethysticin (in ), dihydromethysticin (in ), methysticin (in ).

Heavy Metals, Halogenated Hydrocarbons, Phthalates, Glyphosate, Cordycepin, Alcohol, Drugs, and Herbs, Assessed for Liver Injury and Mechanistic Steps.

Aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, mercury, nickel, thallium, titanium, zinc, carbon tetrachloride, phthalates, glyphosate, alcohol, drugs, and herbs are under discussion having the potential to injure the human liver, but allocation of the injury to the hepatotoxicant as exact cause is difficult for physicians and requires basic clinical knowledge of toxicology details. Liver injury occurs at a variable extent depending on the dose, mostly reproducible in animal models that allow studies on molecular steps leading to the hepatocellular injury. These exogenous hepatotoxins may cause an overproduction of reactive oxidative species (ROS), which are generated during microsomal or mitochondrial oxidative stress from incomplete oxygen split and trigger the injury if protective antioxidant capacities are reduced.

Challenges and Priorities of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Cambodia.

Municipal solid waste (MSW) management is one of the utmost challenges for Cambodia's city and district centers. The unsound management of MSW has detrimentally affected the environment and human health. In the present study, an attempt has been made to provide a comprehensive insight into the generation and characteristics, policies and legislation frameworks, management arrangement, collection, treatment, and disposal of MSW.

Cytotoxicity of Fractions against Myeloma and Lymphoma Cell Lines.

is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical countries and is traditionally used for preventing numerous disorders. In this study, a bioguided fractionation of ethyl acetate extract (SE) from root was carried out to target antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. Of the four fractions (SE1-SE4) obtained by column chromatography, SE4 had the strongest anti-radical ability in the DPPH and ABTS assays (IC = 0.

Effects of In Vitro Digestion on Anti-α-Amylase and Cytotoxic Potentials of spp.

This is the first study to examine the effects of in vitro digestion on biological activities of spp., a broadly known brown seaweed for therapeutic potential. Three fractions (F1-F3) were obtained from hexane extract by column chromatography.

Anti-Diabetes, Anti-Gout, and Anti-Leukemia Properties of Essential Oils from Natural Spices , , and .

Essential oils (EOs) of fruits, fruits, and seeds were analyzed for their phytochemical profiles and biological activities, including anti-diabetes, anti-gout, and anti-leukemia properties. Sixty-six volatile compounds were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), in which, myristicin (68.3%), limonene (44.

α-Amyrin and β-Amyrin Isolated from Leaves and Their Antioxidant, Anti-Xanthine Oxidase, and Anti-Tyrosinase Potentials.

is a popular medicinal plant in Vietnam and Southeast Asian countries as well as in South America. In this study, an amount of 12.05 g of an α-amyrin and β-amyrin mixture was isolated from (10.

Metabolic Toxification of 1,2-Unsaturated Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids Causes Human Hepatic Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome: The Update.

Saturated and unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are present in more than 6000 plant species growing in countries all over the world. They have a typical heterocyclic structure in common, but differ in their potential toxicity, depending on the presence or absence of a double bond between C1 and C2. Fortunately, most plants contain saturated PAs without this double bond and are therefore not toxic for consumption by humans or animals.

Benzoic Acid and Its Hydroxylated Derivatives Suppress Early Blight of Tomato () via the Induction of Salicylic Acid Biosynthesis and Enzymatic and Nonenzymatic Antioxidant Defense Machinery.

Tomato early blight, caused by , is a destructive foliar fungal disease. Herein, the potential defensive roles of benzoic acid (BA) and two of its hydroxylated derivatives, -hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA), and protocatechuic acid (PCA) against were investigated. All tested compounds showed strong dose-dependent fungistatic activity against and significantly reduced the disease development.

Resequencing of 672 Native Rice Accessions to Explore Genetic Diversity and Trait Associations in Vietnam.

Background: Vietnam possesses a vast diversity of rice landraces due to its geographical situation, latitudinal range, and a variety of ecosystems. This genetic diversity constitutes a highly valuable resource at a time when the highest rice production areas in the low-lying Mekong and Red River Deltas are enduring increasing threats from climate changes, particularly in rainfall and temperature patterns.

Results: We analysed 672 Vietnamese rice genomes, 616 newly sequenced, that encompass the range of rice varieties grown in the diverse ecosystems found throughout Vietnam.

Antioxidant, Anti-tyrosinase, Anti-α-amylase, and Cytotoxic Potentials of the Invasive Weed .

is an invasive weed that seriously threatens agricultural production and economics worldwide. In this research, dried aerial parts of were extracted, applying Soxhlet and liquid-liquid phase methods to acquire the total crude (T-Anvi), hexane (H-Anvi), ethyl acetate (E-Anvi), butanol (B-Anvi), and water (W-Anvi) extracts, respectively. In which, T-Anvi contains the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents (24.

Potential Hepatotoxins Found in Herbal Medicinal Products: A Systematic Review.

The risk of liver injury associated with the use of herbal medicinal products (HMPs) is well known among physicians caring for patients under a HMP therapy, as documented in case reports or case series and evidenced by using the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) to verify a causal relationship. In many cases, however, the quality of HMPs has rarely been considered regarding potential culprits such as contaminants and toxins possibly incriminated as causes for the liver injury. This review aims to comprehensively assemble details of tentative hepatotoxic contaminants and toxins found in HMPs.

Antioxidant and a-amylase Inhibitory Activities and Phytocompounds of Fruits.

fruit is commonly used for food ingredients and traditional medicines in tropical countries, however, information about its biological activities and chemical profiles has been inadequately reported. In this study, a bio-guided fractionation of antioxidants and α-amylase inhibitors from hexane (MH) and ethyl acetate (ME) extracts of fruit (pericarp and seed) was carried out. Eleven fractions from MH (D1-D11) and 17 fractions from ME (T1-T17) were obtained from column chromatography over silica gel, which were then examined for anti-radical capacity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays, and pancreatic α-amylase inhibition, a key enzyme linked to type 2 diabetes.

Bio-Guided Isolation of Prospective Bioactive Constituents from Roots of (Dalzell) Oliv.

fruits are routinely used for the culinary purpose as natural spices, whereas leaves and roots are folk medicine with various health benefits in southern China, South and Southeast Asia. In this study, the bioassay-guided fractionation by column chromatography yielded three pure compounds including dentatin, nordentatin, and clausine K and five active fractions () from roots. These known anticancer compounds were confirmed by X-ray diffraction, H-, C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric (ESI-MS-MS) analyses.