Factor Structures in the Depressive Symptoms Domains in the 9Q for Northern Thai Adults and Their Association with Chronic Diseases.

Most of the common models to examine depression are one-factor models; however, previous studies provided several-factor structure models on each depressive symptom using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The Nine-Questions Depression-Rating Scale (9Q) is an alternative assessment tool that was developed for assessing the severity of depressive symptoms in Thai adults. This study aimed to examine the factor structure of this tool based on the factor structure models for the PHQ-9 provided in previous studies using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).

A 9-year retrospective cohort study of the monitoring and screening of childhood developmental delay in Thailand.

Background: Developmental delay in early childhood can have negative long-term cognitive and psychiatric sequelae, along with poor academic achievement, so early screening and surveillance are paramount. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of screening and surveillance on child developmental delay using the Developmental Surveillance and Promotion Manual (DSPM) and the Thai Early Developmental Assessment for Intervention (TEDA4I) for Thai children aged 0-5 years old.

Methods: Data were obtained from the routine developmental screening for specific disorders at ages 9, 18, 30, 42 and 60 months conducted using DSPM and TEDA4I from 2013 to 2021.

Factors Associated with Suspected Developmental Delay in Thai Children Born with Low Birth Weight or Asphyxia.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to identify factors associated with a risk of suspected developmental delay (SDD) in high-risk children in Thailand.

Methods: We used data on children enrolled for developmental delay (DD) screening across Thailand collected by the Rajanagarindra Institute of Child Development, Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand. Children who were under 5 years of age with a birth weight of fewer than 2500 g and/or birth asphyxia in Thailand with high risk of DD were assessed using the Developmental Assessment for Intervention Manual (DAIM) between August 2013 and November 2019 (N = 14,314).

A comparative study of transgender women accessing HIV testing via face-to-face and telemedicine services in Chiang Mai, Thailand during the COVID-19 pandemic and their risk of being HIV-positive.

Background: Due to the restricted availability of health services in Thailand, there are still some transgender women (TGW) who do not have access to HIV counseling and testing. Telehealth, which is accessible to individuals who are reluctant to undergo face-to-face interviewing, played an especially important role during the COVID-19 epidemic. The objectives of this study are to compare the characteristics, pattern of accessing HIV testing, and the HIV-positive rates of TGW between the face-to-face and telemedicine services.

Prediction of survival and analysis of prognostic factors for hepatocellular carcinoma: a 20-year of imaging diagnosis in Upper Northern Thailand.

Background: To evaluate survival rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the Chiang Mai Cancer Registry provided characteristics data of 6276 HCC patients diagnosed between 1998-2020 based on evolution of imaging diagnosis. Evolution can be separated into four cohorts, namely, cohort 1 (1990-2005) when we had ultrasound (US) and single-phase computed tomography (CT), cohort 2 (2006-2009) when one multi-phase CT and one magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were added, cohort 3 (2010-2015) when MRI with LI-RADS was added, and finally, cohort 4 (2016-2020) when two upgraded MRIs with LI-RADS were added.

Methods: Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine the relation between death and risk factors including methods of imagining diagnosis, gender, age of diagnosis, tumor stages, history of smoking and alcohol-use, while Kaplan-Meier curves were used to calculate survival rates.

Comparative analysis between different volumetric methods on measuring intracranial hemorrhage incorporating roundness index.

Intracranial hematoma (ICH) volume is considered a predictor of clinical outcome and mortality rate in ICH patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The ABC/2 method for ICH volume is the standard method used to date, however, its level of accuracy has been questioned in some studies. This study compared the performance of the ABC/2 method with planimetry and truncated pyramidal methods to highlight the potential of the planimetry method applied with automatic segmentation for evaluation of epidural hematoma (EDH) and intraparenchymal hematoma (IPH) volume.

Experiences of Being Bullied and the Quality of Life of Transgender Women in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand.

Purpose: The objective of this study is to identify factors associated with depression and the quality of life of Thai transgender women (TGW) from Chiang Mai province, Thailand, who have experienced being bullied.

Methods: We conducted the study on TGW ≥18 years of age in Chiang Mai province, Thailand, from May to November 2020. Data were collected using self-reporting questionnaires at the MPlus Chiang Mai foundation.

Discrimination against and Associated Stigma Experienced by Transgender Women with Intersectional Identities in Thailand.

Although Thailand is overtly open to diversity and promotes equality, discrimination of minorities based on gender, ethnicity, and/or certain occupations is unfortunately still prevalent. Society either obstructs their inclusion or accepts them but only under certain conditions. The objective of this study is to examine the discrimination of TGWs with intersectional identities within Thai society.

Effects of Gender Affirming Surgery on the Quality of Life of Transgender Women in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand.

Gender affirming surgery (GAS) helps individuals to achieve a physical presence consistent with their gender identity. In this study, we explored the decision, expectation, experience, satisfaction, and quality of life (QOL) of transgender women (TGWs) who have undergone GAS and compared their QOL with transfeminine individuals (TFs) who have not and are seeking to do so in Thailand. The median overall QOL score of the TGWs who have undergone GAS was slightly higher than that of the TFs who have not (95 (92-103) vs.

Detection of Electroencephalographic Abnormalities and Its Associated Factors among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Thailand.

Epilepsy often causes more severe behavioral problems in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and is strongly associated with poor cognitive functioning. Interestingly, individuals with ASD without a history of epilepsy can have abnormal electroencephalographic (EEG) activity. The aim of this study was to examine associations between EEG abnormalities and the ASD severity in children.

The Optimal Cut-Off Point for Thai Diagnostic Autism Scale and Probability Prediction of Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis in Suspected Children.

The Thai Diagnostic Autism Scale (TDAS) was developed to diagnose autism spectrum disorder (ASD) under the context and characteristics of the Thai population. Although the tool has an excellent agreement, the interpretation of diagnostic results needs to rely on the optimal cut-off point to maximize efficiency and clarity. This study aims to find an optimal cut-off point for TDAS in the diagnosis of ASD and to compare its agreement with the DSM-5 ASD criteria.

Comparison of unweighted and item response theory-based weighted sum scoring for the Nine-Questions Depression-Rating Scale in the Northern Thai Dialect.

Background: The Nine-Questions Depression-Rating Scale (9Q) has been developed as an alternative assessment tool for assessing the severity of depressive symptoms in Thai adults. The traditional unweighted sum scoring approach does not account for differences in the loadings of the items on the actual severity. Therefore, we developed an Item Response Theory (IRT)-based weighted sum scoring approach to provide a scoring method that is more precise than the unweighted sum score.

Automatic Driver Drowsiness Detection Using Artificial Neural Network Based on Visual Facial Descriptors: Pilot Study.

Purpose: Driving while drowsy is a major cause of traffic accidents globally. Recent technologies for detection and alarm within automobiles for this condition are limited by their reliability, practicality, cost, and lack of clinical validation. In this study, we developed an early drowsiness detection algorithm and device based on the "gold standard brain biophysiological signal" and facial expression digital data.

Risk Factors Associated with Loss to Follow-up Among Transgender Women Receiving HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in Chiang Mai province, Thailand.

Although HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is free in Thailand, many transgender women discontinue taking it after initiation. We determined the loss to follow-up (LTFU) rate of transgender women who initiated PrEP at the Mplus Foundation, Chiang Mai, Thailand, and identified associated risk factors using Cox proportional hazard models. Of 235 participants who initiated PrEP, 59 (55%) out of 108 remaining participants had reactive syphilis.

Automatic hemorrhage segmentation on head CT scan for traumatic brain injury using 3D deep learning model.

The most common cause of long-term disability and death in young adults is a traumatic brain injury. The decision for surgical intervention for craniotomy is dependent on the injury type and the patient's neurologic exam. The potential subtypes of intracranial hemorrhage that may necessitate surgical intervention include subdural hemorrhage, epidural hemorrhage, and intraparenchymal hemorrhage.

Impact of Residential Concentration of PM2.5 Analyzed as Time-Varying Covariate on the Survival Rate of Lung Cancer Patients: A 15-Year Hospital-Based Study in Upper Northern Thailand.

Air pollutants, especially particulate matter (PM) ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and PM ≤ 10 µm (PM10), are a major concern in upper northern Thailand.

Development and psychometric evaluation of a Thai Diagnostic Autism Scale for the early diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder.

The Thai Diagnostic Autism Scale (TDAS) was developed for use as a diagnostic tool for the early diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Thai children aged 12-48 months old. TDAS consists of 23 items (13 and 17 items in the observational and interview sections, respectively) classified into seven domains (A1-A3 and B1-B4) according to the criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, fifth edition (DSM-5). Children with a single score in the A1-A3 domains and at least two of the B1-B4 domains were classified with ASD.

Dynamic changes in practical inflammation and immunity markers in cancer patients receiving immune-enhancing nutritional supplementation during concurrent chemoradiotherapy.

Background: Immune-enhancing nutrition (IMN) strengthens the systematic inflammatory response and the immune system. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) are affected during cancer therapies.

Objective: We carried out an analysis of the dynamic changes in NLR and ALC over time in cancer patients with or without IMN supplementation.

Comparison of HIV-Positive Incidence Among Transgender Women and Men Who Have Sex with Men at Stand-Alone and Mobile Voluntary Counseling and Testing Facilities in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is still a major cause of death in Thais and new cases of infection are still emerging among the key population comprising men who have sex with men (MSM), sex workers and their clients, and transgender women (TGW) and people who inject drugs. The objective of this study was to compare the incidence of HIV infection between MSM and TGW who were tested at stand-alone and mobile HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) centers and to identify factors associated with HIV-positive individuals from the two services. We conducted an observational study using MSM and TGW individuals with unknown HIV status from the databases at a stand-alone center and a mobile VCT belonging to the MPlus in Chiang Mai province, Thailand.

A Proactive Policy to Eliminate Viral Hepatitis Infection: Five-Year Results for the Subdistrict Model in Thailand.

The objective of this study was to ascertain hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) infection rates in individuals toward the early initiation of treatment and prevention of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This cross-sectional study was performed on 2084 participants from two subdistricts in Chiang Mai and Lampang provinces, northern Thailand. Screening for viral hepatitis in the general population was conducted at subdistrict health-promoting hospitals in Nong Pa Krang, in the suburb of Chiang Mai city, and Thoenburi, a subdistrict in the rural area of Lampang province, northern Thailand.