Detection of sarcocystis parasites in retail beef: a regional survey combining histological and genetic detection methods.

Sarcocystis spp. are parasitic protists acquired when undercooked, cyst-laden meat is consumed. While both Sarcocystis hominis and S.

Intermediate results of a cemented femoral stem with a PMMA premantle.

This retrospective study evaluated the intermediate clinical results ot a series of 143 patients after total hip arthroplasty using the Definition PM femoral component. One hundred twenty-two patients had a mean follow-up of 5 years (range, 23-77 months), died (mean 30 months; range, 6-56 months), or were revised (mean 20 months; range, 9-40 months). The mechanical failure rate of the femoral stem was 0.

Variability of grade and stage in simultaneous paired liver biopsies in patients with hepatitis C.

Background: Grading and staging of liver biopsies in patients with chronic hepatitis remains an inexact "gold standard" that is influenced by variabilities in scoring systems, sampling, observer agreement and expertise. Spatial disease variability relative to markers of the adequacy of biopsy has not been studied previously.

Methods: Paired liver biopsy specimens were obtained from the right and left hepatic lobes of 60 patients with chronic hepatitis C.

DNA replication regulation protein Mcm7 as a marker of proliferation in prostate cancer.

Background: Recent studies have shown that minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins (Mcm2-7) may be useful proliferation markers in dysplasia and cancer in various tissues.

Aims: To investigate the use of Mcm7 as a proliferation marker in 79 lymph node negative prostate cancers and compare it with Ki-67, a commonly used cell proliferation marker.

Methods: The percentage of proliferating cells (proliferation index; PI) was calculated for basal and luminal epithelial cells in benign prostate tissue, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), and epithelial cells in adenocarcinoma.

Prevalence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in morbidly obese subjects undergoing gastric bypass.

Background: Obesity is the most common cause of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This is a prospective study to determine the incidence and severity of NASH in patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) for morbid obesity. We also examined the relationship between NASH and potential risk factors.

Histopathological features of the terminal ileum in lymphocytic and collagenous colitis: a study of 32 cases and review of literature.

Biopsy specimens from the terminal ileum of 32 patients with the histopathological diagnosis of lymphocytic colitis or collagenous colitis and 11 control individuals were evaluated for the presence or absence of ileal mucosal abnormalities and for the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes, assessed by immunohistochemical stains for the pan T-cell marker, CD3. We found that the mean CD3 counts in patients with lymphocytic/collagenous colitis were significantly higher than those in the control group. Seven of 14 patients with collagenous colitis and 14 of 18 patients with lymphocytic colitis revealed an increase in intraepithelial T lymphocytes when compared with the control group (P =.

Synchronous adenocarcinoma and mantle cell lymphoma of the colon.

Synchronous occurrence of malignant lymphoma and carcinoma, both located in the intestinal tract, is unusual. We report a unique case of an adenocarcinoma of the cecum and a simultaneous mantle cell lymphoma of the colon, terminal ileum, and regional lymph nodes in an 85-year-old man. Grossly, the adenocarcinoma was identified as a cecal mass.

Diet modulates the toxicity of cancer chemotherapy in rats.

The effects of diet and folate status on cyclophosphamide or 5-fluorouracil toxicity were studied in Fischer 344 rats maintained on either a cereal-based diet or a purified diet (AIN-93G). The rats fed the purified diet were divided into 3 groups: folate deficient (no dietary folic acid), folate replete (2 mg folic acid/kg diet), and high folate (2 mg folic acid/kg diet plus 50 mg/kg body weight folic acid intraperitoneally daily). The LD50 for cyclophosphamide was significantly higher for the cereal diet than for the purified diets, but there was no difference among the purified diets.

Collagenous gastritis: a long-term follow-up with the development of endocrine cell hyperplasia, intestinal metaplasia, and epithelial changes indeterminate for dysplasia.

This report reviews the literature pertaining to collagenous gastritis and describes the clinicopathologic evolution of this disease in a patient during a 12-year period. We examined 109 biopsy specimens of gastric mucosa from 19 different endoscopic procedures for the severity and distribution of collagenous gastritis in a single patient. Assessments were undertaken for the presence of endocrine and gastrin cell hyperplasias and dysplastic epithelial changes.

The characteristic appearance of non-alcoholic duct destructive chronic pancreatitis: a report of 2 cases.

We report 2 patients with an unusual form of chronic pancreatitis, both of whom were treated for clinical suspicion of pancreatic malignancy. The surgical specimens revealed a dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the main and interlobular branches of the pancreatic duct, causing sclerosis of the duct wall, diffuse irregular lumenal narrowing, extensive parenchymal fibrosis, and organ enlargement. Neither case showed calcifications, fat necrosis, or cyst formation, features usually seen in alcoholic pancreatitis, nor was there any evidence of neoplasia.

Recommended policies for uses of human tissue in research, education, and quality control. Ad Hoc Committee on Stored Tissue, College of American Pathologists.

As recipients of tissue and medical specimens, pathologists and other medical specialists regard themselves as stewards of patient tissues and consider it their duty to protect the best interests of both the individual patient and the public. The stewardship of slides, blocks, and other materials includes providing, under appropriate circumstances, patient materials for research, education, and quality control. The decision to provide human tissue for such purposes should be based on the specific (ie, direct patient care) and general (ie, furthering medical knowledge) interests of the patient and of society.

Cystic hamartoma of the renal pelvis: a rare pathologic entity.

We report a case of a rare cystic renal tumor previously termed cystic hamartoma of the renal pelvis. A 53-year-old woman presented to her gynecologist with menometorrhagia. She subsequently had a computed tomographic scan that demonstrated an incidental cystic mass in the lower pole of the left kidney.

Utility of hepatic iron index in American patients with hereditary hemochromatosis: a multicenter study.

Background & Aims: A hepatic iron index (hepatic iron concentration divided by age) of more than 1.9 has been proposed as useful to identify patients with homozygous hereditary hemochromatosis (HHC). There are limited data on the diagnostic use of the hepatic iron index in patients with HHC in the United States.

Diagnostic accuracy of a rural live video telepathology system.

Accuracy of diagnoses rendered using a live video telepathology network was assessed for permanent sections of surgical pathology specimens. To determine accuracy, telepathology diagnoses were compared with those obtained by directly viewing the glass slide using a standard microscope. A total of 294 cases were read via both telepathology and glass slide by attending pathologists at a tertiary care medical center.

Controlled trial of 4-ASA in ulcerative colitis.

A six-week placebo-controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of 6 g per day of 4-aminosalicylic acid (4-ASA) was conducted in 30 subjects with mild to moderately severe ulcerative colitis. Subjects were stratified into groups having distal (< 60 cm) or more extensive (> 60 cm) disease. Diarrhea, bleeding, sigmoidoscopic and biopsy appearance, and physician global assessment were scored to judge efficacy.

The pathologist's role in the use of human tissues in research--legal, ethical, and other issues.

Because of their central role in examining and storing samples of human tissues obtained for diagnosis or therapy of diseases, pathologists frequently are involved in providing human tissues for a wide range of research. This is an important role for the pathologist that leads to increased understanding of disease, to potential methods of prevention, and to improved therapy. Recent conferences concerning uses of human tissues in research have indicated that there is confusion with respect to legal issues and requirements of pathologists who are involved in research with human tissues.

Development of the human fetal testis.

We describe the histological features of the fetal testis, utilizing 68 fetuses ranging in gestational age from 10 to 41 weeks. During fetal life, the tunica albuginea progressively increases in thickness, and between 29 and 32 weeks it develops two layers. Beyond 25 to 28 weeks, septa are invariably present.

Intratubular germ cell neoplasia (ITGCN) with p53 and PCNA expression and adjacent mature teratoma in an infant testis. An immunohistochemical and morphologic study with a review of the literature.

Intratubular germ cell neoplasia (ITGCN) and mature teratoma of the testis are uncommon findings in children. We report a case of a 3-year-old boy with both ITGCN and mature teratoma--a unique finding in our experience. Immunohistochemical markers, including placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), 43-9F, p53, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), as well as the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain, were applied to the ITGCN.

Localization of anti-Leu-M1 (CD15) binding sites in Hodgkin's disease by immunoelectron microscopic examination.

Anti-Leu-M1 (CD15) is a monoclonal antibody used in surgical pathology to diagnoses Hodgkin's disease. By light microscopic immunohistochemistry, anti-Leu-M1 reacts with Reed-Sternberg cells and their variants, notably lacunar cells in nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease, as well as granulocytes in Hodgkin's disease. The immunostaining of Reed-Sternberg cells has been characteristically described as a diffuse cytoplasmic pattern with a prominent perinuclear globular component.

Ultrastructural study of a pituitary adenoma (prolactinoma) within the clivus bone using immunoelectron microscopy.

In a case of a pituitary adenoma in the clivus bone in a 71-year-old man, ultrastructural investigation using conventional aldehyde-fixed, epoxy-embedded tissue revealed the tumor to be composed of cells with euchromatic nuclei, dense nucleoli, abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, spherical secretory granules, and granule extrusion at the lateral cell surface, all of which suggest a prolactin-producing adenoma. Using a protein A-gold immunolabeling technique on snap-frozen tissue subsequently fixed in a mild fixative and embedded in a hydrophilic resin, the presence of prolactin immunoreactivity within secretory granules at the ultrastructural level was demonstrated. This case represented the first use of protein A-gold immunolabeling at the electron microscopic level for diagnostic purposes at our institution and exemplifies the value of this technique when the need for diagnostic immunoelectron microscopy is not anticipated.

Diagnostic immunoelectron microscopy in surgical pathology: assessment of various tissue fixation and processing protocols.

We have investigated various tissue fixation and embedding protocols in an effort to allow expanded use of immunoelectron microscopy in diagnostic surgical pathology. A sample of normal human small bowel mucosa was processed using seven different methods for subsequent postembedding localization of chromogranin A. In addition, several archival cases of neuroendocrine tumors previously fixed and routinely embedded for electron microscopy, stored in formalin, or snap-frozen were retrieved and variously processed for chromogranin A localization at the ultrastructural level.