Quantum Physics-Informed Neural Networks.

In this study, the PennyLane quantum device simulator was used to investigate quantum and hybrid, quantum/classical physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) for solutions to both transient and steady-state, 1D and 2D partial differential equations. The comparative expressibility of the purely quantum, hybrid and classical neural networks is discussed, and hybrid configurations are explored. The results show that (1) for some applications, quantum PINNs can obtain comparable accuracy with less neural network parameters than classical PINNs, and (2) adding quantum nodes in classical PINNs can increase model accuracy with less total network parameters for noiseless models.

A Variational Quantum Linear Solver Application to Discrete Finite-Element Methods.

Finite-element methods are industry standards for finding numerical solutions to partial differential equations. However, the application scale remains pivotal to the practical use of these methods, even for modern-day supercomputers. Large, multi-scale applications, for example, can be limited by their requirement of prohibitively large linear system solutions.

The Importance of Being RNA-est: considering RNA-mediated ribosome plasticity.

For over 40 years, ribosomes were considered monolithic machines that translate the genetic code indiscriminately. However, over the past two decades, there have been a growing number of studies that suggest ribosomes to have a degree of compositional and functional adaptability in response to tissue type, cell environment and stimuli, cell cycle or development state. In such form, ribosomes themselves take an active part in translation regulation through an intrinsic adaptability provided by evolution, which furnished ribosomes with a dynamic plasticity that confers another layer of gene expression regulation.

Short Report: Evaluating the Effects of Automated Donor Referral Technology on Deceased Donor Referrals.

Unlabelled: Automation of deceased donor referrals with standardized clinical triggers allows organ procurement organizations to be rapidly aware of medically eligible potential donors without the need for manual reporting and subjective decision-making of otherwise very busy hospital staff. In October 2018, 3 Texas hospitals (pilot hospitals) began using an automated referral system; our goal was to evaluate the impact of this system on eligible donor referral.

Methods: We studied ventilated referrals (n = 28 034) in a single organ procurement organization from January 2015 to March 2021.

Adaptive partitioning of a gene locus to the nuclear envelope in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is driven by polymer-polymer phase separation.

Partitioning of active gene loci to the nuclear envelope (NE) is a mechanism by which organisms increase the speed of adaptation and metabolic robustness to fluctuating resources in the environment. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, adaptation to nutrient depletion or other stresses, manifests as relocalization of active gene loci from nucleoplasm to the NE, resulting in more efficient transport and translation of mRNA. The mechanism by which this partitioning occurs remains a mystery.

Maximizing the use of potential donors through increased rates of family approach for authorization.

In the United States, a small proportion of potential deceased organ donor referrals lead to donation and recovery. Understanding variation in the processes involved between organ procurement organizations (OPOs) may help increase deceased donation and reduce the organ shortage. We studied 103 923 referrals from 10 OPOs from 2018 to 2019, of which 14.

Targeted Cross-Linking Mass Spectrometry on Single-Step Affinity Purified Molecular Complexes in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Protein cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) has been developed into a powerful and robust tool that is now well implemented and routinely used by an increasing number of laboratories. While bulk cross-linking of complexes provides useful information on whole complexes, it is limiting for the probing of specific protein "neighbourhoods," or vicinity interactomes. For example, it is not unusual to find cross-linked peptide pairs that are disproportionately overrepresented compared to the surface areas of complexes, while very few or no cross-links are identified in other regions.

Standardization of rounds on a general paediatric ward: Implementation of a checklist to improve efficiency, quality of rounds, and family satisfaction.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a standardized rounding tool for use on the general paediatric ward and to determine if its use can improve quality of rounds as well as patient and parent satisfaction.

Methodology: The study used a pre- and post-intervention prospective observational methodology. The intervention consisted of the implementation of a Checklist Rounding Tool (CRT) entitled the 'Paediatric Inpatient Rounding Checklist (PIRC)' which outlined items deemed essential to discuss during rounds for all patients admitted to the paediatric ward.

Single-Step Affinity Purification (ssAP) and Mass Spectrometry of Macromolecular Complexes in the Yeast S. cerevisiae.

Cellular functions are mostly defined by the dynamic interactions of proteins within macromolecular networks. Deciphering the composition of macromolecular complexes and their dynamic rearrangements is the key to get a comprehensive picture of cellular behavior and to understand biological systems. In the past two decades, affinity purification coupled to mass spectrometry has become a powerful tool to comprehensively study interaction networks and their assemblies.

Variation in donation after circulatory death hospital policies in a single donor service area.

Background: Historically, there has been wide variation among hospital policies for donation after circulatory death (DCD) processes. With more DCD donors as well as more organs from DCD donors being utilized, it is time to revisit the variability in DCD hospital policies.

Methods: Collection of hospital characteristics, DCD referrals and completions, and DCD policies from the Southwest Transplant Alliance Donor Service Area.

Identification and Characterization of the Interaction Between the Methyl-7-Guanosine Cap Maturation Enzyme RNMT and the Cap-Binding Protein eIF4E.

The control of RNA metabolism is an important aspect of molecular biology with wide-ranging impacts on cells. Central to processing of coding RNAs is the addition of the methyl-7 guanosine (mG) "cap" on their 5' end. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E directly binds the mG cap and through this interaction plays key roles in many steps of RNA metabolism including nuclear RNA export and translation.

GFI1 tethers the NuRD complex to open and transcriptionally active chromatin in myeloid progenitors.

Growth factor indepdendent 1 (GFI1) is a SNAG-domain, DNA binding transcriptional repressor which controls myeloid differentiation through molecular mechanisms and co-factors that still remain to be clearly identified. Here we show that GFI1 associates with the chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 4 (CHD4) and other components of the Nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex. In granulo-monocytic precursors, GFI1, CHD4 or GFI1/CHD4 complexes occupy sites enriched for histone marks associated with active transcription suggesting that GFI1 recruits the NuRD complex to target genes regulated by active or bivalent promoters and enhancers.

Insights into synthesis and function of KsgA/Dim1-dependent rRNA modifications in archaea.

Ribosomes are intricate molecular machines ensuring proper protein synthesis in every cell. Ribosome biogenesis is a complex process which has been intensively analyzed in bacteria and eukaryotes. In contrast, our understanding of the in vivo archaeal ribosome biogenesis pathway remains less characterized.

Altered rRNA processing disrupts nuclear RNA homeostasis via competition for the poly(A)-binding protein Nab2.

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are key mediators of RNA metabolism. Whereas some RBPs exhibit narrow transcript specificity, others function broadly across both coding and non-coding RNAs. Here, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we demonstrate that changes in RBP availability caused by disruptions to distinct cellular processes promote a common global breakdown in RNA metabolism and nuclear RNA homeostasis.

Early Experiences With COVID-19 Testing in Transplantation.

Background: The early effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on transplantation are dramatic: >75% of kidney and liver programs are either suspended or operating under major restrictions. To resume transplantation, it is important to understand the prevalence of COVID-19 among transplant recipients, donors, and healthcare workers (HCWs) and its associated mortality.

Methods: To investigate this, we studied severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 diagnostic test results among patients with end-stage renal disease or kidney transplants from the Johns Hopkins Health System (n = 235), and screening test results from deceased donors from the Southwest Transplant Alliance Organ Procurement Organization (n = 27), and donors, candidates, and HCWs from the National Kidney Registry and Viracor-Eurofins (n = 253) between February 23 and April 15, 2020.

Structural studies of the eIF4E-VPg complex reveal a direct competition for capped RNA: Implications for translation.

Viruses have transformed our understanding of mammalian RNA processing, including facilitating the discovery of the methyl-7-guanosine (mG) cap on the 5' end of RNAs. The mG cap is required for RNAs to bind the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E and associate with the translation machinery across plant and animal kingdoms. The potyvirus-derived viral genome-linked protein (VPg) is covalently bound to the 5' end of viral genomic RNA (gRNA) and associates with host eIF4E for successful infection.

In malnourished adolescent with anorexia nervosa, Cockroft-Gault formula is the most relevant formula to estimate renal function.

Aim: Serum creatinine level is the most used test to evaluate renal function in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). We investigated which formula of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) based on simple blood sample had the best correlation with the gold standard in malnourished adolescent patients with AN.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 34 adolescents hospitalized for the restrictive type of AN between 2014 and 2017.

Myth-Busting the DIEP Flap and an Introduction to the Abdominal Perforator Exchange (APEX) Breast Reconstruction Technique: A Single-Surgeon Retrospective Review.

Background: Anatomical variations in perforator arrangement may impair the surgeon's ability to effectively avoid rectus muscle transection without compromising flap perfusion in the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap.

Methods: A single surgeon's experience was reviewed with consecutive patients undergoing bilateral abdominal perforator flap breast reconstruction over 6 years, incorporating flap standardization, pedicle disassembly, and algorithmic vascular rerouting when necessary. Unilateral reconstructions were excluded to allow for uniform comparison of operative times and donor-site outcomes.

Senescence-associated ribosome biogenesis defects contributes to cell cycle arrest through the Rb pathway.

Cellular senescence is a tumour suppressor programme characterized by a stable cell cycle arrest. Here we report that cellular senescence triggered by a variety of stimuli leads to diminished ribosome biogenesis and the accumulation of both rRNA precursors and ribosomal proteins. These defects were associated with reduced expression of several ribosome biogenesis factors, the knockdown of which was also sufficient to induce senescence.

Creation of a Central Under Flap Pocket Allows Secondary Implant Augmentation of Perforator Flap Breast Reconstruction.

Background: When a single perforator flap does not provide adequate volume or projection for satisfactory breast reconstruction, the addition of an implant may be considered at the time of second-stage revisions. Dissection of an implant pocket beneath the flap may lead to the inadvertent injury of the flap pedicle as the tissue planes have been obscured by tissue ingrowth. The authors present a technique in which the boundaries of the implant pocket are predetermined at the time of flap reconstruction allowing an implant to be inserted at the second stage in ideal position with greater ease of dissection and minimal risk to the flap pedicle.

Nol12 is a multifunctional RNA binding protein at the nexus of RNA and DNA metabolism.

To counteract the breakdown of genome integrity, eukaryotic cells have developed a network of surveillance pathways to prevent and resolve DNA damage. Recent data has recognized the importance of RNA binding proteins (RBPs) in DNA damage repair (DDR) pathways. Here, we describe Nol12 as a multifunctional RBP with roles in RNA metabolism and genome maintenance.