Development of an in vitro biofilm model of the human supra-gingival microbiome for Oral microbiome transplantation.

The high prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease place a significant burden on society, both socially and economically. Recent advances in genomic technologies have linked both diseases to shifts in the oral microbiota - a community of >700 bacterial species that live within the mouth. The development of oral microbiome transplantation draws on the success of fecal microbiome transplantation for the treatment of gut pathologies associated with disease.

Pyridostigmine to Reduce the duration of postoperative Ileus after Colorectal surgery (PyRICo-RCT): randomized clinical trial.

Background: Postoperative ileus, driven by the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, is the most common complication in patients undergoing colorectal surgery. By inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, pyridostigmine can potentially modulate the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway and accelerate gastrointestinal recovery. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of pyridostigmine in improving gastrointestinal recovery after colorectal surgery.

Engineering tumor-colonizing E. coli Nissle 1917 for detection and treatment of colorectal neoplasia.

Bioengineered probiotics enable new opportunities to improve colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, prevention and treatment. Here, first, we demonstrate selective colonization of colorectal adenomas after oral delivery of probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) to a genetically-engineered murine model of CRC predisposition and orthotopic models of CRC.

Association Between RAS/BRAF Mutations and Complete Response Following Total Neoadjuvant Therapy in Patients with Rectal Cancer: A Prospective Multicentered Study.

Background: The impact of RAS/BRAF mutation on primary response rates after total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) in patients with advanced rectal cancer is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess complete response rates after TNT according to RAS/BRAF mutation status.

Methods: A prospective observational study was performed in patients with rectal cancer who underwent TNT with curative intent at three South Australian hospitals between 2019 and 2023.

Colorectal cancer detection and treatment with engineered probiotics.

Bioengineered probiotics enable new opportunities to improve colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, prevention and treatment strategies. Here, we demonstrate the phenomenon of selective, long-term colonization of colorectal adenomas after oral delivery of probiotic Nissle 1917 (EcN) to a genetically-engineered murine model of CRC predisposition. We show that, after oral administration, adenomas can be monitored over time by recovering EcN from stool.

Personalized total neoadjuvant therapy versus chemotherapy during the 'wait period' versus standard chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer.

Background: This study aimed to compare current treatment response rates with personalized Total Neoadjuvant Therapy (pTNT), against extended chemotherapy in the 'wait period' (xCRT) and standard chemoradiotherapy (sCRT) with adjuvant chemotherapy for rectal cancer.

Methods: This was a multicentre retrospective cohort analysis. Consecutive patients with rectal cancer treated with pTNT over a 3.

Establishing a state-wide pelvic exenteration multidisciplinary team meeting in South Australia.

Background: Pelvic exenteration surgery is complex, necessitating co-ordinated multidisciplinary input and improved referral pathways. A state-wide pelvic exenteration multidisciplinary team (MDT) meeting was established in SA and the outcomes of this were audited and compared with historical data.

Methods: All patients referred for discussion between August 2021 and July 2022 to the SA State-wide Pelvic Exenteration MDT were included in this study.

Assessing the impact of the 2018 National Health and Medical Research Council polyp surveillance guidelines on compliance with surveillance intervals at two public hospitals.

Background: Several studies have highlighted poor compliance with surveillance colonoscopy guidelines. The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) guidelines were revised in 2018 and were more complex than the previous iteration (2011). The aim of this study was to determine the impact of 2018 NHMRC polyp surveillance guidelines on compliance with colonoscopy surveillance intervals.

Personalized total neoadjuvant therapy (pTNT) for advanced rectal cancer with tailored treatment sequencing based on clinical stage at presentation.

Background: This study aimed to assess short-term outcomes of a personalized total neoadjuvant treatment (pTNT) protocol, with treatment sequencing based on clinical stage at presentation.

Methods: A multidisciplinary pTNT protocol was implemented across two metropolitan hospitals. This consists of two-schema based on clinical stage: patients with distant failure risk were offered induction chemotherapy before chemoradiation (nCRT), and patients with locoregional failure risk received nCRT followed by consolidation chemotherapy.

A snapshot of intraoperative conditions to predict prolonged postoperative ileus after colorectal surgery.

Background: The cause of prolonged postoperative ileus (PPOI) is multifactorial. The influence of preoperative factors on PPOI has been well documented, but little is known about the impact of intraoperative conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of intraoperative factors on PPOI in patients undergoing colorectal surgery.

Disruption of Enterococcus Faecalis biofilms using individual and plasma polymer encapsulated D-amino acids.

Objective: Our aim was to assess the anti-biofilm ability of previously unverified individual D-amino acids (DAAs), to produce plasma polymer encapsulated DAAs (PPEDAAs), to measure the shell thickness and subsequent release of DAAs, and to assess the effects of PPEDAAs on Enterococcus faecalis biofilms.

Materials And Methods: Microtitre tray assays were used to evaluate the effect of individual DAAs (D-leucine, D-methionine, D-tryptophan, and D-tyrosine) on E. faecalis biofilms of different maturity.

Histone deacetylases 1 and 2 inhibition suppresses cytokine production and osteoclast bone resorption in vitro.

The regulation of epigenetic factors is an emerging therapeutic target of immune function in a variety of osteolytic pathologies. Histone deacetylases (HDAC) modify core histone proteins and transcriptional processes, in addition to nonhistone protein activity. The activated immune response in rheumatoid arthritis, periodontitis, and prosthetic implant particle release stimulates the catabolic activity of osteoclasts.

Efficacy of laser and ultrasonic-activated irrigation on eradicating a mixed-species biofilm in human mesial roots.

This study investigated the efficacy of Er,Cr:YSGG laser and ultrasonic activated irrigation on eradicating a mixed-species biofilm grown in root canals with complex anatomy. The biofilm was grown over 4-weeks in the root canals of decoronated human mandibular molar teeth. Control roots received no further treatment.

Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG prevents alveolar bone loss in a mouse model of experimental periodontitis.

Aim: This study investigated the role of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) on bone loss and local and systemic inflammation in an in vivo mouse model of experimental periodontitis (PD).

Materials And Methods: Experimental PD was induced in mice by oral inoculation with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum over a period of 44 days. The probiotic LGG was administered via oral inoculation or oral gavage prior to, and during disease induction.

Compromised inflammatory cytokine response to P. gingivalis LPS by fibroblasts from inflamed human gingiva.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to compare the in vitro cytokine response of gingival fibroblasts (GF's) from healthy and inflamed human gingival tissues and to assess whether GF's from inflamed gingivae are capable of mounting a secondary inflammatory response after exposure to P. gingivalis LPS.

Materials And Methods: GF's were obtained from healthy donors and periodontitis patients and cultured in vitro.

Abnormal pregnancy outcomes in mice using an induced periodontitis model and the haematogenous migration of Fusobacterium nucleatum sub-species to the murine placenta.

Objectives: To investigate if there is subspecies specific migration to the placenta by Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) and to determine whether experimentally induced periodontitis results in adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO) in mice.

Methods: Periodontitis was induced in pregnant mice using an inoculum of Fn and Porphyromonas gingivalis. In parallel, four sub-species of Fn were individually injected into the circulatory system.

C-reactive protein in gingival crevicular fluid may be indicative of systemic inflammation.

Background And Aim: Periodontitis is associated with elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) in both serum and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Although the liver is the primary source of CRP, extra-hepatic production of CRP has been reported. This study aimed to determine whether CRP in GCF is produced locally in the gingivae.

Local and systemic biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid increase odds of periodontitis.

Aim: To determine the independent and combined associations of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) on periodontitis case status in the Australian population.

Materials And Methods: GCF was collected from 939 subjects selected from the 2004-2006 Australian National Survey of Adult Oral Health: 430 cases had examiner-diagnosed periodontitis, and 509 controls did not. IL-1beta and CRP in GCF were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

Effect of smoking on concentrations of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand and osteoprotegerin in human gingival crevicular fluid.

Aim: To compare the levels of the soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (sRANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and their relative ratio in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) among periodontitis patients with varying smoking histories.

Material And Methods: GCF samples were collected from 149 periodontitis patients who were never smokers (n=58), former smokers (n=39) and current smokers (n=52). sRANKL and OPG concentrations in GCF were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

Physical activity, inflammatory biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid and periodontitis.

Aims: To examine the associations of physical activity with interleukin 1-beta (IL-1beta), C-reactive protein (CRP) and periodontitis and to investigate whether any relationship between physical activity and inflammatory mediators differs between periodontitis cases and non-cases.

Material And Methods: In this population-based case control study of Australians aged 18+ years, dentists conducted oral epidemiologic examinations identifying cases with moderate or severe periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls. Gingival crevicular fluid samples collected during examinations were analysed for inflammatory biomarkers.