A unique strain to study gastric cancer development.

colonizes a majority of the human population worldwide and can trigger development of a variety of gastric diseases. Since the bacterium is classified as a carcinogen, elucidation of the characteristics of that influence gastric carcinogenesis is a high priority. To this end, the Mongolian gerbil infection model has proven to be an important tool to study gastric cancer progression.

Discovery of A Chimeric Polyketide Family as Cancer Immunogenic Chemotherapeutic Leads.

Discovery of cancer immunogenic chemotherapeutics represents an emerging, highly promising direction for cancer treatment that uses a chemical drug to achieve the efficacy of both chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Herein we report a high-throughput screening platform and the subsequent discovery of a new class of cancer immunogenic chemotherapeutic leads. Our platform integrates informatics-based activity metabolomics for rapid identification of microbial natural products with both novel structures and potent activities.

Grincamycins P-T: Rearranged Angucyclines from the Marine Sediment-Derived sp. CNZ-748 Inhibit Cell Lines of the Rare Cancer Pseudomyxoma Peritonei.

While marine natural products have been investigated for anticancer drug discovery, they are barely screened against rare cancers. Thus, in our effort to discover potential drug leads against the rare cancer pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP), which currently lacks effective drug treatments, we screened extracts of marine actinomycete bacteria against the PMP cell line ABX023-1. This effort led to the isolation of nine rearranged angucyclines from sp.

Immune and microRNA responses to infection and indole-3-carbinol during colitis.

Background: Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and other aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists are known to modulate the immune system and ameliorate various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases in animal models, including colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are also gaining traction as potential therapeutic agents or diagnostic elements. Enterohepatic (EHH) species are associated with an increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease, but little is known about how these species affect the immune system or response to treatment.

gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family isolated from a human peritoneal tumour and reclassification of as comb. nov.

A Gram-stain-negative, microaerophilic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium strain designated PMP191F, was isolated from a human peritoneal tumour. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the organism formed a lineage within the family that was distinct from members of the genus (95.1-95.

The Cancer Microbiome: Distinguishing Direct and Indirect Effects Requires a Systemic View.

The collection of microbes that live in and on the human body - the human microbiome - can impact on cancer initiation, progression, and response to therapy, including cancer immunotherapy. The mechanisms by which microbiomes impact on cancers can yield new diagnostics and treatments, but much remains unknown. The interactions between microbes, diet, host factors, drugs, and cell-cell interactions within the cancer itself likely involve intricate feedbacks, and no single component can explain all the behavior of the system.

Both diet and Helicobacter pylori infection contribute to atherosclerosis in pre- and postmenopausal cynomolgus monkeys.

A number of viruses and bacterial species have been implicated as contributors to atherosclerosis, potentially providing novel pathways for prevention. Epidemiological studies examining the association between Helicobacter pylori and cardiovascular disease have yielded variable results and no studies have been conducted in nonhuman primates. In this investigation, we examined the relationship between H.

Pre- and post-operative antibiotics in conjunction with cytoreductive surgery and heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) should be considered for pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) treatment.

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a subtype of peritoneal carcinomatosis that is traditionally treated by cytoreductive surgery (CRS) followed by hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). A growing body of evidence suggests that microbes are associated with various tumor types and have been found in organs and cavities that were once considered sterile. Prior and ongoing research from our consortium of PMP researchers strongly suggests that bacteria are associated with PMP tumors.

Altered gut microbiome in a mouse model of Gulf War Illness causes neuroinflammation and intestinal injury via leaky gut and TLR4 activation.

Many of the symptoms of Gulf War Illness (GWI) that include neurological abnormalities, neuroinflammation, chronic fatigue and gastrointestinal disturbances have been traced to Gulf War chemical exposure. Though the association and subsequent evidences are strong, the mechanisms that connect exposure to intestinal and neurological abnormalities remain unclear. Using an established rodent model of Gulf War Illness, we show that chemical exposure caused significant dysbiosis in the gut that included increased abundance of phylum Firmicutes and Tenericutes, and decreased abundance of Bacteroidetes.

Clinical Risk Score for Prediction of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Bloodstream Isolates.

OBJECTIVE To develop a risk score to predict probability of bloodstream infections (BSIs) due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBLE). DESIGN Retrospective case-control study. SETTING Two large community hospitals.

A Novel Member of Chitinophagaceae Isolated from a Human Peritoneal Tumor.

Peritoneal tumors from a rare malignancy, pseudomyxoma peritonei, frequently contain bacteria. Evidence suggests that tumor-associated bacteria contribute to pseudomyxoma peritonei development and/or progression. One unique isolate (PMP191F) was characterized via whole-genome sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq platform.

Beyond the stomach: an updated view of Helicobacter pylori pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an extremely common, yet underappreciated, pathogen that is able to alter host physiology and subvert the host immune response, allowing it to persist for the life of the host. H.

A core microbiome associated with the peritoneal tumors of pseudomyxoma peritonei.

Background: Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a malignancy characterized by dissemination of mucus-secreting cells throughout the peritoneum. This disease is associated with significant morbidity and mortality and despite effective treatment options for early-stage disease, patients with PMP often relapse. Thus, there is a need for additional treatment options to reduce relapse rate and increase long-term survival.

Antibiotic treatment decreases microbial burden associated with pseudomyxoma peritonei and affects β-catenin distribution.

Purpose: Pseudomyxoma peritonei is an understudied cancer in which an appendiceal neoplasm invades the peritoneum and forms tumor foci on abdominal organs. Previous studies have shown that bacteria reside within pseudomyxoma peritonei tumors and mucin. Thus, we sought to analyze the effect of antibiotics on bacterial density and β-catenin expression within pseudomyxoma peritonei samples.

Helicobacter pylori arginase mutant colonizes arginase II knockout mice.

Aim: To investigate the role of host and bacterial arginases in the colonization of mice by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori).

Methods: H.

Helicobacter pylori AlpA and AlpB bind host laminin and influence gastric inflammation in gerbils.

Helicobacter pylori persistently colonizes humans, causing gastritis, ulcers, and gastric cancer. Adherence to the gastric epithelium has been shown to enhance inflammation, yet only a few H. pylori adhesins have been paired with targets in host tissue.

Cholesterol enhances Helicobacter pylori resistance to antibiotics and LL-37.

The human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori steals host cholesterol, modifies it by glycosylation, and incorporates the glycosylated cholesterol onto its surface via a cholesterol glucosyltransferase, encoded by cgt. The impact of cholesterol on H. pylori antimicrobial resistance is unknown.

Role of the HefC efflux pump in Helicobacter pylori cholesterol-dependent resistance to ceragenins and bile salts.

The human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori modifies host cholesterol via glycosylation and incorporates the glycosylated cholesterol into its membrane; however, the benefits of cholesterol to H. pylori are largely unknown. We speculated that cholesterol in the H.

Unique host iron utilization mechanisms of Helicobacter pylori revealed with iron-deficient chemically defined media.

Helicobacter pylori chronically infects the gastric mucosa, where it can be found free in mucus, attached to cells, and intracellularly. H. pylori requires iron for growth, but the sources of iron used in vivo are unclear.

Adherence of Helicobacter pylori to abiotic surfaces is influenced by serum.

Helicobacter pylori bacteria cultured in a chemically defined medium without serum readily adhere to a variety of abiotic surfaces. Growth produces microcolonies that spread to cover the entire surface, along with a planktonic subpopulation. Serum inhibits adherence.

In vitro and in vivo complementation of the Helicobacter pylori arginase mutant using an intergenic chromosomal site.

Background: Gene complementation strategies are important in validating the roles of genes in specific phenotypes. Complementation systems in Helicobacter pylori include shuttle vectors, which transform H. pylori at relatively low frequencies, and chromosomally based approaches.

Nutritional requirements and antibiotic resistance patterns of Helicobacter species in chemically defined media.

The growth of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori in the absence of serum remains challenging, and nutritional requirements have only partially been defined, while almost nothing is known about nutritional requirements of other Helicobacter spp. Although previous data showed that H. pylori grows in the chemically defined medium F-12, but not in other tissue culture media examined, the specific components responsible for growth were not entirely understood.

Helicobacter pylori thioredoxin is an arginase chaperone and guardian against oxidative and nitrosative stresses.

The gastric human pathogen Helicobacter pylori faces formidable challenges in the stomach including reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates. Here we demonstrate that arginase activity, which inhibits host nitric oxide production, is post-translationally stimulated by H. pylori thioredoxin (Trx) 1 but not the homologous Trx2.

Purification and characterization of Helicobacter pylori arginase, RocF: unique features among the arginase superfamily.

The urea cycle enzyme arginase (EC 3.5.3.