Coronavirus Disease 2019: Cardiac Complications and Considerations for Returning to Sports Participation.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. While the majority of symptoms and morbidity relate to the lung, cardiac complications have been well reported and confer increased mortality. Many countries in Europe have passed the peak of the pandemic and adaptations are being made as we progress towards a 'new normal'.

Patent foramen ovale.

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is the most common anatomical cause of an interatrial shunt. It is usually asymptomatic but may cause paradoxical embolism, manifesting as stroke, myocardial infarction or visceral/peripheral ischaemia. PFO is a risk factor for stroke and may be associated with migraine with aura.

Accuracy of the 2017 international recommendations for clinicians who interpret adolescent athletes' ECGs: a cohort study of 11 168 British white and black soccer players.

Aim: To investigate the accuracy of the recently published international recommendations for ECG interpretation in young athletes in a large cohort of white and black adolescent soccer players.

Methods: 11 168 soccer players (mean age 16.4±1.

Preventing stroke and assessing risk in women.

Ischaemic stroke is rare in premenopausal women but risk increases with advancing age and doubles in the ten years following the menopause. Up to the age of 75 years men have a 25% higher risk of suffering a stroke compared with women. However, the increased life expectancy of women ultimately results in a higher overall incidence.

Cardiovascular Disease in Women: Understanding Symptoms and Risk Factors.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women remains under-diagnosed and undertreated due to the diagnostic challenge it presents, as well as the persisting attitude that CVD predominantly affects men. Gender-related risk factors have now been identified but there is a lack of clinical application, leading to the misdiagnosis and poor management of women with CVD. It is necessary to address gender-specific symptomatology and risk factors in order to optimise management and positively influence morbidity and mortality in this cohort of patients.

Emergency response facilities including primary and secondary prevention strategies across 79 professional football clubs in England.

Aim: To assess the emergency response planning and prevention strategies for sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) across a wide range of professional football clubs in England.

Methods: A written survey was sent to all professional clubs in the English football league, namely the Premiership, Championship, League 1 and League 2. Outcomes included: (1) number of clubs performing cardiac screening and frequency of screening; (2) emergency planning and documentation; (3) automated external defibrillator (AED) training and availability; and (4) provision of emergency services at sporting venues.

Underestimating risk in women delays diagnosis of CVD.

CVD remains the most common cause of mortality in women. In 2007, the annual mortality in women secondary to CAD was 4.7 times that of breast cancer.

A primary cardiac sarcoma presenting with superior vena cava obstruction.

Superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction leads to a constellation of symptoms and signs that encompass the SVC syndrome. Today, malignancy accounts for 65% of all cases. The most common neoplastic causes are non–small cell lung cancer (50%), small cell lung cancer (25%), lymphoma, and metastasis.

Regulation of myeloperoxidase-specific T cell responses during disease remission in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: the role of Treg cells and tryptophan degradation.

Objective: T lymphocytes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV). Patients with myeloperoxidase (MPO) antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) experience relapses less frequently than those with proteinase 3 ANCA, suggesting greater immune regulation. This study was undertaken to investigate MPO-specific T cell reactivity during disease remission and the factors regulating their responsiveness.