Anticoagulant monitoring techniques in a heparin-induced thrombocytopenia patient undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass using bivalirudin anticoagulant.

Heparin is widely used as the anticoagulant of choice for cardiopulmonary bypass. However, some patients exposed to heparin therapies develop heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Severe complications of HIT-induced thrombosis may lead to end-organ dysfunction and death.